构词法课件

构词法高三英语组聂永丽佳句背诵（课前三分钟候课）1.BorninAmerica,ThomasEdisonwasagreatscientistandinventor.2.Onlybyprotectingtheenvironmentcanweliveabetterlife.3.Notonlydoafter-classactivitiesmakeyourlifecolorful,butalsotheyimproveyourlearning.Teachingaims:1.Toknowaboutwordformationespeciallyderivation（派生）.2.Tohelpstudentsenlargetheirvocabularybylearningwordformation.3.Tostrengthenstudents’self-confidenceingrammarlearning.1.(2018全国I，68）Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto_________(strength)yourlegmuscles,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.2.(2018全国I，69）Runningischeap,easyandit'salways_________(energy).3.(2018全国Ⅲ，66）I'ma________(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.高考感知strengthenenergeticscientist4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ,69)However,be________(care)nottogotoextremes.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,70)Itis________(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ,66)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher___________(educate)．7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ42)Handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof___________(achieve)．carefulcertainlyeducationachievement构词法就是一个单词通过转化、派生、合成等构成另一个新词的方法。高考命题虽以考纲所列词汇为依据，但考纲词汇通过构词法变成的新词是不算超纲词的，这类词在每年每份试卷中约有50个，如果不掌握好构词法，这几十个词很可能会成为我们阅读的障碍。不仅如此，需要构词法解答的题，在语法填空中会有1-3题，短文改错中会有1-2题。因此，掌握构词法，非常必要。需要构词法知识解答的语法填空和短文改错题主要考查以下三点：1.作主语、动词宾语或介词宾语，用_____2.作定语、表语和补语，一般用_______3.修饰动词、形容词、介词短语、从句或整个句子，要用_____名词形容词副词本节重点给同学们介绍主要的构词方法和常见的前缀和后缀即派生法，并通过构词法来复习尽可能多的考纲词汇。三种构词法:1.派生(Derivation):2.合成(Compounding):3.转化(Conversion)通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happy----unhappy(加前缀)happy----happiness(加后缀)由两个或更多的词合成一个词eg.wood(木)+cut(刻)----woodcut(木刻)由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water(n.)水---water(v.)浇水三个词语的含义：词根：词缀：词类：构成词义的最小单位，不可再分。前缀；后缀十大词类派生法•派生法（也称词缀法），即由一个词根加上前缀或后缀，构成另一个单词的构词法，添加在词根前面的构成部分叫前缀，它一般不改变原词的词性，只改变其词义。添加在词根后面的构成部分叫后缀，它改变了原词的词性，有时可改变其词义。简言之：前缀改变单词词义；词根决定单词意思；后缀决定单词词性。前缀例词dis-disappearun-unknownin-indirect(常用在adj.后)im-impossible(用在b,p,m开头前)ir-irregularab-abnormalil-illegal,mis-misunderstandnon-nonsmoker(否定)(不)(不)（不）(误)(非)(不,非)（不)（不）imbalance,immoral,immodestirresponsibleillogical,illiterate前缀例词a-构成形容词,副词asleep,alone,abroadover-oversleepinter-internationalre-recoveren-enrich过度相互再，又使……后缀例词名词-er;-or;-ee…..者employer,actor,employee-ess女的waitress,hostess-ese….地方的人Chinese,Japanese-ian精通…的人,…地方人musician,Russian-ist专业人员pianist--ment性质,状态；运动、结果movement--ness性质,状态kindness--tion表示动作,过程,结果suggestion形容词后缀:•-al;–an;–ern;-ble;–ish;–ive;–y;-ful;-less表示具有…的性质,或与…有关e.g.practical,American,southern,possible,foolish,native,rainy,careless，careful动词后缀:-fy(使…化);-ize(使…成为);–en(使…）e.g.satisfy,beautify;realize,symbolize,deepen,lengthen副词后缀:•-ly表示方式,程度:freely，happily•-ward(s)表示方向:westwards数词后缀:-teen十fourteen-ty整十位数forty-th序数词fifthtwelve序数词_______________twenty序数词______________twelfthtwentiethPracticeTestyourself1.admirev_________n2.admitv_________n3.anxiousadj________n4.apologisev_______n5.competev_______n6.convenientadj_____反7.growv_________n8.highadj_________n9.hungryadj_________n10.noisen_________adj11.ableadj_________v12.beautifuladj______v13.pressv_______n14.trueadj______adv15.tastev_________adj16.mudn_________adj17.benefitn/v______adj18.arguev_______n19.relyv_______adj20.energyn_______adj21.wiseadj_______n22.proudadj_______nTestyourself1.admirevadmirationn2.admitvadmissionn3.anxiousadjanxietyn4.apologisevapologyn5.competevcompetitionn7.growvgrowthn6.convenientadjinconvenient反8.highadjheightn9.hungryadjhungern10.noisennoisyadj11.ableadjenablev12.beautifuladjbeautifyv13.pressvpressuren14.trueadjtrulyadv15.tastevtastyadj16.mudnmuddyadj17.benefitn/vbeneficialadj18.arguevargumentn19.relyvreliableadj20.energynenergeticadj21.wiseadjwisdomn22.proudadjpriden1…MrChenhastaughtmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.2.__________(lucky),Iarrivedjusttoolatetomeetthem.3.Weapologiseforany____________(convenient)causedbythedelayed.4.“Thirty-fivecents,”shesaid(rude).appreciationUnluckilyinconveniencerudely二.用所给单词的正确形式填空5.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto(understand)them.6.…youhavedonewellandmadegreatachievementinthe(entertain)field.7.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat__________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.8．Thestormdamagedseveral_________(new)builtbuildingsmisunderstandentertainmentcontributionsnewly9．Numerousstudieshaveshownthatfreeplayisvery(benefit).Itcanhelpchildrenbecomecreative.10….theycanseeplays,films,operas,andshowsofeverykind,nottomentionthelatest_______(excite)footballmatch.11.However,theprogramshavealsoledtoproblemssuchas________(legal)parking,deliberatedamagingandtheft.beneficialexcitingillegalSumup:1.给出动词→排除掉填谓语动词及非谓语动词外，考虑其否定词（dis-/mis），名词（-ment/ation/-er等表身份人物的后缀），形容词（-able/-ed/-ing)2.给出名词→形容词（常考ce↔t，天气类常加-y，或者考-ful/-less等）3.给出形容词→比较级，最高级，副词（修饰adj/verb/sentence），名词（情感类常加-ness）4.两个en含有使动用法:en-（enrich)-en(widen)5.注意，有时填名词时还得注意单复数，动词，名词，形容词时都有可能会考否定形式，一定要根据语境来判断。•三、语篇填空使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（以考查词语派生为主）。•TheRaconteurs(虎烂乐队)makemusicthatlivesuptotheband’sname.Theword“raconteur”describesapersonwhois[1]____________(skill)attellingstories.Thebandmembersdescribe[2]___________(them)asanewbandmadeupofoldfriends.Allthebandmembershavefoundedmusiccareersbydoingotherpro