虚拟语气主谓一致

虚拟语气虚拟语气分为两种：be型和were型。Be型(should)+do(动词原形）：用于表示命令、决定、建议等词语（见下页）之后的that-分句中。Whatdoyouthinkofthedoctor’srecommendationthatourfriendsstayedafewmoredaysinhospital?stay/shouldstayBe-型虚拟语气标志词v.demand,command,suggest,require,ask,order,insist,advise,move,direct,recommend,propose,see(toit)that等n.demand,request,suggestion,recommendation,advice,proposal,insistence等a.important,fundamental,preferable,necessary,basic,vital,imperative,essential,requested,suggested,demanded等Idropcaps.我把帽子扔了i:insistd:demandr:require,requesto:orderc:commanda:advicep:prefers:suggest有些词有多个意义，当不表示建议、命令时，就不能用虚拟语气，如：Someevidencesuggeststhathebethecriminal.Beis（一些证据表明……）Were-型Were型were/过去时体：常用于由if,ifonly,asif,asthough,though引导的条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示非真实条件或假设。要特别注虚拟语气的谓语动词形式是否正确。条件句虚拟语气的结构如下所示：时间If从句动词形式主句动词形式与现在事实相反过去式W/C/Should/Mightdo与过去事实相反过去完成式W/C/Should/Mighthavedone与将来事实相反wereto/shoulddo/过去式W/C/Should/MightdoIfwehadmorerainlastsummer，wewouldhaveaharvest．wouldhavehad此句应用与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式Were-虚拟语气还可用其他形式表示,如without,butfor,otherwise,or等。Without/butforyourhelp,Iwouldnevermakesuchgreatsuccess.wouldneverhavemadeThankstotheman,orthelittleboywouldbedrownedintheriver.wouldhavebeendrownedWere-型虚拟语气也用在表示臆想愿望的分句中，常由wish,suppose,imagine,wouldrather,wouldsoonerthat,wouldjustassoon(that)等引导，如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Justimagineeveryoneweretogiveupsmoking.特殊虚拟语气在itis(high)time(that)…从句中，也用were-型虚拟语气，如：Itishightimethatmeasuresshouldbetakentodecreasethebirthrateinthiscountry.weretaken/hadbeentaken定语从句的关系词定语从句关系词是一个常见考点关系词That和which/who的区别用that的情况不定代词something,anybody,nothing,none,little,few,much,all作先行词时；Sheiseverythingthatawifeshouldbe.最高级、序数词、不定限定词（all,some,none,few等）或any,only,first,last等修饰先行词时；先行项不止一个，且分别表示人和物时；当定语从句是therebe句型时；用which（物）或who（人）的情况介词提前，作介词宾语时；非限定定语从句；先行项是that时；当先行项与定语从句被其他成分隔开时先行项为时间或地点时当先行项为时间/地点时，如关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，应用which或that，而不用when/who(m)IliveinBeijing，whereisthecapitalofChina.which此处where应改为which，因为它在定语从句中作主语。缺少关系词或多余代词有些句子中，名词后面本来该用定语从句的，却漏掉了关系词，直接接了动词。另一类常见的错误是，关系代词指代的成分在从句中以代词的形式重复出现，画蛇添足。主谓一致主谓一致(AgreementofSubjectandVerb)是指谓语动词必须同主语的人称和数保持一致，它一直是大学英语四级考试的考查重点。Physics____adifficultsubject.Brains____veryimportanttoaperson.Acoustics____taughtinsomecolleges.isisis一、形式上为复数，但意义上为单数的名词作主语时，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。这类名词有以-s结尾的表示学科、专业、疾病等术语的名词。如：economics，linguistics，politics，mathematics，physics，measles(麻疹)，news，works，brains(智慧)等等。Fivehours____ashorttimeforsuchadifficultjob.Tenmiles____alongwaytowalkisis二、表示时间、距离、重量、价格、度量衡的复数名词或短语作主语表示一个整体概念时，谓语一般用单数。Thefamily____goingtomovetoBeijing.Thefamily_____differentopinionsabouttheirgoingabroad.ishave三、集合名词people,police,cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；集合名词army,class,club,committee,crowd,crew,family,gang,herd,jury,public,congress,assembly,band等作主语时，如指整体，谓语动词用单数；如指成员，谓语动词用复数。75%oftheuniversitystudents_____part-timejobstofinancetheirtuition.Mostofthework_____notbeenfinishedyet.havehas四、分数或百分数及all,part,some,most,half,therestof等表示部分的词或短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后的名词一致。Thepresident,accompaniedbyfiveofficials,____gonetoUSAforaveryimportantmeeting.You,ratherthanyoursister,_____responsibleforthematter.hasare五、就远原则名词或代词后跟with,along/togetherwith,like,accompaniedby,except,besides,aswellas,inadditionto,including,nolessthan,ratherthan,asmuchas等引起的结构时，谓语动词随结构前的名词或代词的形式而定。EitheryouorI____wrong.Notonlyhisfriends,butalsohehimself___lookingforwardtotheholdingoftheparty.Notyoubutyourfather____toblame.amisis主语由连词or,either...or,neither...nor,notonly...but(also),nor,whether…or,not…but…,therebe等连接的两个名词或代词组成时，其谓语动词应与最近的名词一致。倒装句中，也遵从就近原则六、就近原则七、由and连接的名词的主谓一致情况分以下几种：1.当and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Theteacherandwriterisrespectedbyallthepeoplearound.2.当and连接两个都有冠词的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Theteacherandthewriteraregreatlyrespectedhere.3.形容词＋and＋形容词＋名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Socialandpoliticalfreedomarelimitedthere.4.用and连接的单数名词，前面有each,every,manya,no修饰语时，谓语要用单数。Everyman,woman,andchildtakespartintheactivity.Eachpenandeachpaperisfoundinitsplace.八、不定式短语、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：ReadinginthemorningisgoodforlearningEnglish.但是，当and连接上述两个相同的结构时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Readingbooksandplayingtabletennisaremygreatpleasure.Oneortwobooks______needed.Onebookortwo______needed.is/areare九、oneortwo＋名词复数,oneormore＋名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数。one/a＋单数名词ortwo作主语，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。Heistheonlyoneofthepupilswhoarewillingtogo.are改为is十、theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数。I,whoisyourfriend,willhelpyou.is改为am十一、定语从句谓语动词与先行词主谓一致Sixtimestwoaretwelve.are改为is十二、某些结构后所跟谓语动词必须用单数。加plus,added,and减minus乘time,multiply除divided(…by)Sixdividedbythreeistwo.