情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试△情态动词和虚拟语气△第六章情态动词和虚拟语气一、情态动词(一)情态动词的基本用法1.can/could(1)表“能力”。【例1】Justbepatient.You________expecttheworldtochangesosoon.(2010·全国Ⅰ)A.can’tB.needn’tC.maynotD.whether答案:A情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试【例2】We________eatinarestaurantbecausenoneofushadanymoneyonus.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot答案:B(2)表“许可”。回答could的提问常用can,一般不用could。【例3】—CouldIuseyourbike?—Yes,surelyyou________.A.mightB.willC.canD.could答案:C情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试(3)could一般只表过去的能力;若表示过去的能力得到了实施,一般用was/wereableto,不用could。【例4】Thefirespreadthroughoutthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone________getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto答案:D2.may/might(1)表“许可”(=can)。若表示“不可以、禁止”,用mustn’t或can’t。回答might的提问常用may,一般不用might。【例5】—________Itakethebookout?—I’mafraidnot.(2010·四川)A.WillB.MayC.MustD.Need答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试【例6】—MightIuseyourpen?—Yes,ofcourseyou________.A.mayB.mustC.couldD.might答案:A【例7】—MayIwatchTVnow?—No,you________.A.canB.mustn’tC.couldn’tD.mightn’t答案:B(2)may表“祝愿”,置句首,主谓要倒装。【例8】Goodlucktoyou,and________allyourwishescometrue!A.canB.mayC.mustD.might答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试3.must/haveto(1)表“必须”。must强调主观看法;haveto强调客观需要。【例9】①Thisisabadparty—Wereally________go.②Thisisalovelyparty,butwe________gobecauseofourbaby.A.mustB.mayC.canD.haveto答案:①A②D(2)mustn’t意为“禁止、不准”;haven’tto意为“不必”(=needn’t)。【例10】You________practicethedrumswhilethebabyissleeping.A.haven’ttoB.mightn’tC.mustn’tD.won’t答案:C情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试(3)must表“偏要、硬要”。【例11】Why________youalwaysinterruptme?A.canB.willC.mayD.must答案:C【例12】—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou________,chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.A.shouldB.couldC.mayD.must答案:D(4)以must开头的一般疑问句,若要作否定回答,常用needn’t或haven’tto,一般不用mustn’t。【例13】—MustIcomeatfouro’clock?—Oh,no.You________comeatfour.A.won’tB.needn’tC.can’tD.mustn’t答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试4.oughtto/should(1)意为“应该”,表义务或责任,oughtto的语气比should稍重。【例14】It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack________behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can答案:C(2)should表“竟然、万一”。【例15】Youcan’timaginethatawellbehavedgentleman________besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would答案:C【例16】Ifyou________haveanydifficultyingettingspareparts,ringthisnumber.A.oughttoB.shouldC.willD.would答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试5.need(1)意为“需要”,作情态动词用时,须跟动词原形,无人称、数、时态的变化,一般只用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。【例17】—Idon’tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.—You________.I’mnotaskingyouforit.A.mustn’tB.maynotC.can’tD.needn’t答案:D【例18】Idon’tthinkhe________anewcomputer.A.needtobuyB.needsbuyC.needbuyD.need答案:C情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试(2)以need开头的一般疑问句,若要作肯定回答,常用must,一般不用need。【例19】—NeedIcome?—Yes,you________.A.needB.mustC.needn’tD.mustn’t答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试6.dare意为“敢”,作情态动词用时,须跟动词原形,有过去式(dared),无人称、数的变化,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。在肯定句中一般用作行为动词。【例20】Iwonderhowhe________thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay答案:D【例21】She________tellthebossbecauseshedoesn’twanttomaketrouble.A.doesn’tdaretoB.notdareC.daren’ttoD.daresnotto答案:A情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试7.shall(1)用于疑问句中征求意见,主语是第一、三人称。【例22】Let’sgoshopping,________we?A.don’tB.willC.shallD.mustn’t答案:C【例23】ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.________theywaithereoroutside?A.DoB.WillC.ShallD.Would答案:C情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试(2)用于陈述句中表示说话人的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令等,主语多为第二、三人称。【例24】—Ihaven’tgotthereferencebookyet,butI’llhaveatestonthesubjectnextmonth.—Don’tworry.You________haveitbyFriday.(2010·江苏)A.couldB.shallC.mustD.may答案:B【例25】—Mikeisabsentfromclass.—Tellhimhe________answerforitifhegoesonbehavinglikethat.A.shallB.willC.wouldD.can答案:A情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试8.will/would(1)用于征求意见,主语是第二人称。【例26】—________youbeherewhenwegetback?—Surely.A.ShallB.WillC.DoD.Mustn’t答案:B(2)表“意志、意愿”,用于各种人称。主语若为无生命的东西,won’t不表意愿,而是“就是不……”之意。【例27】Ipushedthesecondhandcarinthemudwithmyfullstrength,butit______move.A.won’tB.wouldn’tC.mightn’tD.couldn’t答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试(3)表“习惯”,will指现在的习惯,would指过去的习惯。【例28】Whenhewasthere,he________gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might答案:A情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试(二)情态动词表推测的用法推测现在的情况,后接动词原形;推测正在进行的情况,后接动词的进行时;推测过去的情况,后接动词的完成时。1.must只用于肯定句中,意为“一定”。【例29】—Goodmorning.I'vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.You________beMrs.Peter.(2010·北京)A.mightB.mustC.wouldD.can答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试【例30】Ididn’thearthephone.I________asleep.A.mustbeB.musthavebeenC.shouldbeD.shouldhave答案:B【例31】—DoyouknowwhatTomisdoingatthecrossroads?—He________forhisgirlfriend.A.shouldwaitB.mustbewaitingC.canhavewaitedD.mightwaiting答案:B情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试2.can/could多用于否定句或疑问句中,二者一般没有时间上的差异,只是could的语气更客气委婉。can’t/couldn’t意为“不可能”。【例32】I’mafraidMr.Harding________seeyounow.He’sbusy.(2010·全国Ⅱ)A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t答案:A【例33】—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen答案:D【例34】TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit________beveryslow.A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can答案:D情态动词和虚拟语气情态动词和虚拟语气测试3.may/might用于肯定句或否定句中,might不是may的过去式,只是might的可能性比may小。maynot/mightn’t意为“可能不”。【例35】Peter________comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will答案:B【例36】—IsJohncomingbytrain?—Heshould,buthe_______