初中定语从句[整理]人教版2

(定语从句)WhichbabyisJack?穿红裤子的baby是Jack.。ThebabyisJack.Hispantsarered.=ThebabyisJack.ThebabyisJack.Heiswearingredpants.ThebabyisJack.whosepantsareredwhoiswearingredpantsJackThewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.1.Thewomanisateacher.2.Thewomanlivesnextdoor.Whichwomanisateacher?Myhouse一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。相当于名词和形容词的作用。e.g.1.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?2.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用e.g.1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournames(签名）here.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.先行词和关系词的关系Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.（这个母亲去世的男孩是由父亲养大的）关系词whose实际是先行词的所有格TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.themachine=thattheboy=whotheboy’s=whoseintheschool=where=inwhich关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词关系代词:1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedisProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?that指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.总结：引导人用who,whom(即who的宾语）,that,引导物用that,which。that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.Iprefernottoeattoomuchfoodthatisfried.notmineisrenotmineThisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.Itisthebestpicture(that)Ihaveseen.Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,等不定代词时。(2)先行词被every,no,some,any,little,few,much等修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。当先行词是既有指人、又有指物的名词时Theboyandhisdogthatyouaretalkingaboutarelost.(你正在谈论的这个男孩和他的狗都失踪了。）只能用that做关系代词的情况在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中:Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?只能用that做关系代词的情况在非限制性定语从句中:Momcameback,whichmadeushappy.只能用which做关系代词的情况在介词后面Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowisbroken.只能用which做关系代词的情况(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.ThescientistØwemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld.whomthat(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.whichØ(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim.(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.whowhomØThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Ø定语从句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.（非限制性定语从句）Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.(限制性定语从句）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:（请比较）形式作用翻译限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句插入成分修饰限定补充解释能不能….的能否省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.which介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?总结：介词之后要用whom,which，如：towhom,withwhom,forwhom,inwhich,等，介词后不能用who,that。逗号后要用who引导人，用which引导物，即，后不能用that.介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?1.Hedidall/everything______hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisistheverything_______Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthemenandthethings_______werememberedatschool.4.Heistheonlyman_______candothework.5.Thisisthefirstthing_______Iwanttosay.6.Heisthefinestman_______Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_______spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_______isnearesttotheearth.把that,which或who填入下列空白处thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat把that,which,whose,whomorwho填入空格9.Isthereanythingelse_______youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_______hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_______madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_______sataboy.13.Themanto_______Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_______motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthatwhichwhichwhomwhoseSummary(总结）：关系代词that用法口诀：Theonly,thevery,thesame,no,any两项并列人与物，不定、序数、最高级要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。