初中定语从句基础篇-陶金兰

重点短语日日清1.pulldown拆除2.givesbalift捎某人一程3.showup出席，露面4.sellout卖完5.believein信任6.bethankfulto对某人心存感激7.goby过去8.throwaway扔掉9.beharmfulto对…有害10.keepone’scool保持冷静11.indanger处于危险之中12.danceto跟着跳每日谚语ThemanwhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman不到长城非好汉Thestduentwhodoesnotlistentotheteachercarefullyisnotagoodstudent.定语从句基础篇定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，代替先行词的词叫关系词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。关系词that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.•who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）whose在定语从句中作定语关系代词Who/that在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致。Iprefershoesthatarecool.Ihaveafriendwhoplayssports.主谓一致ThegirlisChenYe.Thegirlhaslonghair.ThegirlthegirlhaslonghairisChenYe.Whothat关系词先行词当先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中做主语时，关系词用who或that.ThegirlisChenYe.Youtalkedtothegirljustnow.ThegirlYoutalkedtothegirljustnowisChenYe.Whowhomthat关系词先行词当先行词是人，关系词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系词用who（whom）或that（可以省略）.•Ilikethepen.Thepenisblack.•Ilikethepenthepenisblack.thatwhich关系词先行词当先行词是物，关系词在定语从句中做主语时，关系词用that或which.Ican’tfindthepen.Myfatherboughtityesterday.Ican’tfindthepen.Myfatherboughtityesterday.thatwhich关系词先行词当先行词是物，关系词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系词用that或which.（可以省略）Iknowtheboy.Hisfatherisateacher.Iliketheboywhosefatherisateacher.宾语定语关系词whose在定语从句中作定语。TaskI.Fillintheblankswithwhich/that/who/whose。who/thatthatthat1.Themanheinviteddidn’tshowup.2.Don’tthrowawaythethingsYoucanreuse.3.You’reeatingthefoodisharmfultoyou.4.Igavetheboywaslateforschool.alift.5.I’mthankfultothepeoplesupportedme.6.Thebooksareinterestinghavebeensoldout..7.Wewillpulldownthebuildingsareveryold.that/whichwho/thatthatwho/that8.Thepatientsshouldbelieveinthedoctorshelpedthem.9.Thedayswespentthedaystogetherhavegoneby..10.Thegirlwasindangershouldkeephercool.11.Tonylikesmusichecandanceto.12.Theman______legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhoseTaskII.Matchthetwosentences1．Ilikemusic.Themusicisloudandexciting._______________________________________.2.Shelovesmovies.Themoviesareinteresting._______________________________________.3.Tonylikesmusic.Hecandancetothemusic.________________________________________.Ilikemusicthatisloudandexciting.Shelovesmoviesthatareinteresting.Tonylikesmusicthathecandanceto.4.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________5.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________6.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________7.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?(1)当先行词是anything，everything，nothing,few,all,none,little,some等不定代词时，如：ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwasBigBen.(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.注意：定语从句的关系代词只能用that而不用which的几种情况：(4)当先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast等修饰时。如：ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.(5)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?(6)当先行词既有人，又有物时。如：Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned？TaskIII:用关系代词填空:1.Thewindblewdownthetallesttree_______isinfrontofourschoolgate.2.Thisistheverything______Iwaslookingfor.3.Thisisthesecondnovel______Ihaveeverread.4.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenme.实战演练()1.[2016·十堰]ThePalaceMuseumisthebestplace________I'veevervisited.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．what()2.[2015·荆州]Sheisthegirl________inventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolcompetition.A．whoB．thatC．whichD．whoseAD()3.[2016·河南]Afriendissomeone________says,“What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone！”A．whoB．whichC．whatD．whose()4.[2015·玉林]—Linda,canyoutellmesomethingaboutMoYan?—Sure.Heisthewriter________wontheNobel(诺贝尔)LiteraturePrize.A．whichB．whoseC．whoD．whomAC()5.[2015·白银]AWechat(微信)isaninvention________canhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingsfreely.A．whichB．whoC．whoseD．/()6.[2016·宜宾]—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?—Ilikemusic________Icandanceto.A．becauseB．whenC．whoD．thatAD()7.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikethemovies________areaboutChinesehistory.A．whoB．whomC．whoseD.which()8.Peopleoftenlikeclothes________canmakethemlookyoung.A.whenB．whoC．thatD．whatDC()9.Thelittleboywaswrappingthepresent________wouldbesenttohisteacher.A．whoB．/C．whatD．that()10.—Therearesomanygirlsoverthere.Whichoneisyoursister?—Theone________hatisyellow.A．whoB．whoseC．thatD．whichDB(1)当先行词是anything，everything，nothing,few,all,none,little,some等不定代词时，或由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时。(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。(4)当形容词被thevery,theonly,thesame,thelast等修饰时。(5)当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时。(6)当先行词既有人，又有物时。挑战自我：