WilliamGolding(1911-1993)WilliamGolding(威廉·戈尔丁)Lordofflies(1954)——《蝇王》AbouttheAuthorLordoftheFliesInformationAnalysis•Fullname:WilliamGeraldGolding•Born:19September1911Newquay,Cornwall,England,UK•Died:19June1993Perranarworthal,Cornwall,England,UKOccupation:Writerofnovels,playsandpoems•Graduation:OxfordCollege•Notableaward(s):BookerPrize1980;NobelPrizeinLiterature1983•knightedbyQueenElizabethIIin1988•Aprolificwriter•In2008,TheTimesrankedGoldingthirdontheirlistofThe50greatestBritishwriterssince1945.Goldingin1983•布克奖(TheManBookerPrize,或BookerPrize,又简称theBooker),从1969年开始颁发,每年颁发一次。布克奖以赞助商——食品供应公司布克(BookerMcConnell)命名。•英国文学布克奖被誉为当代英语小说界的最高桂冠,是可以与法国龚古尔奖、美国普利策奖相媲美的文学奖。大奖以赞助商布克公司命名,目标是奖励优秀作品、提高公众对严肃小说作品的关注。布克奖的威望超过了英国大大小小的其他二百多个文学奖,小说家与出版商们趋之若鹜。ManBookerPrize布克奖注重权威性、导向性和公正性,评审由具有专业背景的人士担当。一般评审有五人,由专门委员会指定,分别为书评家、学者、小说家、文学编辑、文化名人等。每年5位评审必须阅读被推荐的100多部作品,从中选出20多本初入围名单,再从这份名单中选出6本进入决赛,最后从这6部作品中选出一位获胜者。奖项设立之初,只有英国、爱尔兰以及英联邦国家的英文原创作家有资格入围参评,2014年起,全世界所有用英语写作的作家都可以参评布克奖。最初设立该奖时奖金为21000英镑,2002年已加至50000英镑。布克奖短名单的入围者亦皆可获得1000英镑的奖金以及一本经过特殊设计包装的该年入围著作。1980年《启蒙之旅》(RitesofPassage)威廉·戈尔丁(WilliamGolding)1989年《长日将尽》(TheRemainsoftheDay)石黑一雄1990年《隐之书》(Possession)A.S.拜亚特(A.S.Byatt)2013年《发光体》(TheLuminaries)埃莉诺·卡顿(EleanorCatton)•Graduation:OxfordCollege•Notableaward(s):BookerPrize1980;NobelPrizeinLiterature1983•knightedbyQueenElizabethIIin1988•Aprolificwriter•In2008,TheTimesrankedGoldingthirdontheirlistofThe50greatestBritishwriterssince1945.Goldingin1983WORKTIMEWORKTIMEPoems1934DarknessVisible1979LordoftheFlies1954AMovingTarget(essays)1982TheInheritors1955ThePaperMen1984PincherMartin1956AnEgyptianJournal1985TheBrassButterfly(play)1958TotheEndsoftheEarth(trilogy)1980-1989FreeFall19591.RitesofPassage1980TheSpire19642.CloseQuarters1987TheHotGates(essays)19653.FireDownBelow1989ThePyramid1967TheDoubleTongue(posthumous)1995TheScorpionGod1971戈尔丁在西方被称为“寓言编撰家”,他运用现实主义的叙述方法编写寓言神话,承袭西方伦理学的传统,着力表现“人心的黑暗”这一主题,表现出作家对人类未来的深切关切。由于他的小说“具有清晰的现实主义叙述技巧以及虚构故事的多样性与普遍性,阐述了今日世界人类的状况”,1983年获诺贝尔文学奖。SomethingInterestingForNobelPrize1983,thechoicewasunexpected,becausetheinternationallyfamousnovelistGrahamGreene(1904-1991)wasconsideredthestrongestcandidatefromtheEnglishwriters.InmanynovelsGoldinghasrevealedthedarkplacesofhumanheart,whenisolatedindividualsorsmallgroupsarepushedintoextremesituations.Hisworkischaracterizedbyexplorationofthedarknessofman'sheart,deepspiritualandethicalquestions.Twenty-fiveyearsagoIacceptedthelabel'pessimist'thoughtlesslywithoutrealizingthatitwasgoingtobetiedtomytail,asitwere,insomethingthewaythat,totakeanexamplefromanotherart,Rachmaninoff'sfamousPreludeinCsharpminorwastiedtohim.Noaudiencewouldallowhimofftheconcertplatformuntilheplayedit.Similarlycriticshavedugintomybooksuntiltheycouldcomeupwithsomethingthatlookedhopeless.Ican'tthinkwhy.Idon'tfeelhopelessmyself.FromWilliamGolding’sNobelLecture,1983拉赫玛尼诺夫,国际知名音乐家,俄罗斯人。《升C小调前奏曲》25年以前,我未加思索就接受了“悲观主义者”的尊称,然而我可没想到,这尊称竟与我厮守了一辈子。也许,我还可以举一个艺术家的例子,拉赫玛尼诺夫创作了著名的《升C小调前奏曲》以后,这段名曲就与他如影相随。每次演出,听众非等他演奏完这段曲子之后,方善罢甘休,否则,他绝无法离开舞台一步。同样,批评家们也总是一心钻进我写的书里,要是找不出些微近乎悲观厌世的东西他是绝不肯罢手的。我真不知该作何解释,以我自己的感觉还不至于痛苦到绝望。Biography•WasbornonSep19th,1911inCornwall,onthesouth-westerntipofEngland.•Hisfather,AlecGolding,wasadistinguishedschoolmaster.•Wasespeciallyinterestedinliteraturefromhisyoungage•At7,begantowriteaplayrevisedfromastoryinoldEgypt•From12,begantocompileabookaboutthehistoryoftheBritishChamberofCommerce(英国商会),whichwaspreparedtoconsistof12volumes.•Becameaveryfamousnovelistinmiddleages.•Hisnovelsarepermeatedwiththesenseofman’ssinandguilt.•Waseducatedatafamousboys’school,MarlboroughGrammarSchool,wherehisfatherwasaseniormaster(校长)•Wasexpectedtobeascientistbyhisparents;however,hehadaverydifferentplanforhisownfuture•StudiedsciencesatOxfordUniversityfor2yearsaccordingtohisparents’wishes•ChangedhismajortoEnglishliteratureandAnglo-Saxonhistory•Itwasduringhisuniversityyearsthathepublishedhisbook—acollectionofpoems.•Aftergraduation,followedhisfamilytraditionandworkedasanEnglishandphilosophyteacheratBishopWordsworth’sSchoolinSalisbury,whichwasajobhedidnotlikeatall.•Quitthisjob5yearslaterin1940•JoinedtheRoyalNavyincommandofarocketshipintheWWII.•Tookpartinanumberofbattlesduringthenext5yearsandfoughtfiercelybecausehewasbitterlyopposedtotheNaziphilosophythatadvocatedtheGermansuperiorityoveralltheotherraces.•Hiswartimeexperiencesplayedalargepartinhelpinghimtoformhisviewoflifeandalsomadehimwitnesseverythingabouttheferocityofthewar.•“Anyonewhomovedthroughthoseyearswithoutunderstandingthatmanproducesevilasabeeproduceshoney,musthavebeenblindorwronginthehead.”•“人类基于原罪,无时不像蜜蜂一样的在酿造罪恶。”(侯维瑞)二战对戈尔丁的影响•“如果你在二次大战前见到我,你会发现我是一个理想主义者。脑子里充满了我们这一代人,特别是在欧洲的同龄人所共有的一种简单幼稚的信念:认为人类可以发展到完美无瑕的阶段。只要消除社会上的某些不平等因素,对社会问题采取一些切实可行的措施,我们就可以在地球上创造一个人间天堂。•但是,我们从二次大战中得到了一些启示。这场战争不同于欧洲历史上所经历过的任何其他战争,它给予我们的启迪不是关于战争本身,或国家政治,或民族主义的弊病,而是有关人的本性。”•“Thebasicpointmygenerationdiscoveredaboutmanwasthattherewasmoreevilinhimthancouldbeaccountedforsimplybysocialpressure.”•Whenthewarwasover,hereturnedtohisformerpostasateacheratBishopWordsworthSchoolin1945.•Althoughhehadwritt