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专题二情态动词与虚拟语气ⅠⅡⅠ.单句填空1.(2015北京卷,29改编)—Can’tyoustayalittlelonger?—It’sgettinglate.Ireallygonow.Mydaughterishomealone.2.(2015北京卷,34改编)IfI(notsee)itwithmyowneyes,Iwouldn’thavebelievedit.3.(2015安徽卷,32改编)Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwe(have)nowheretostaynow.4.(2015福建卷,27改编)—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it’stoobad.Youhavemadefullpreparations.5.(2015陕西卷,21改编)Youfeelallthetrainingawasteoftime,butI’mahundredpercentsurelateryou’llbegratefulyoudidit.musthadn’tseenwouldhaveshouldmayⅠⅡ6.(2014安徽卷,30改编)Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey(throw)awayinthepast.7.(2014北京卷,34改编)We(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.8.(2014大纲卷,30改编)AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,it’snotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.9.(2014湖南卷,22改编)IfMr.Dewey(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.10.(2014湖南卷,25改编)—I’vepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.—Doyoumeanwebringanythingwithus?wouldhavethrownwouldbecanhadbeenⅠⅡⅡ.单句改错1.(2015课标全国卷Ⅰ改编)Wemustfoundwaystoprotecttheenvironment.2.(2015四川卷改编)Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktothem?3.(2015四川卷,2改编)Youmaybecarefulwiththecamera.Itcosts!4.(2015陕西卷,23改编)Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIhaddancedaswellasher.5.(2015天津卷,7改编)Imustn’thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.答案:1.found→find答案:2.are→were答案:3.may→must答案:4.去掉had答案:5.mustn’t→needn’tⅠⅡ6.(2014北京卷,27改编)MustIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon’ttakelong.7.(2014福建卷,32改编)Arenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.8.(2014江苏卷,31改编)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,couldbringmefood.9.(2014江西卷,30改编)Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestmustbecometherichest.10.(2014陕西卷,23改编)Wewouldratherourdaughterstayathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.答案:6.Must→Can答案:7.Are→Were答案:8.could→should答案:9.must→might答案:10.stay→stayed在语法填空和短文改错这两个题型中,2014年和2015年的全国课标卷对情态动词和虚拟语气都没有直接考查。但是由于情态动词丰富的感情色彩以及在句子成分结构,特别是谓语动词的构成方面的重要作用,也鉴于情态动词和虚拟语气的密切关系,掌握情态动词的基本用法非常必要。另外,虚拟语气和情态动词传情达意的作用对于准确理解文章细节,准确把握作者的观点和态度至关重要。1.基于语境,掌握情态动词的基本用法,把握说话者的情感态度以及观点看法。热点链接热点精练can/could①能力(体力,智力,技能);②允许或许可(口语中常用);③可能性(表猜测,用于否定句或疑问句中);④表示惊讶,通常用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中;⑤在肯定句中表示“理论(道理)上的可能性,普遍、一般情况下可能”,而不是表示具体某事发生的可能性。Heplaytabletennisquitewell.答案:canHappinessbefoundeveninthedarkesttime,ifoneonlyrememberstoturnonthelight.答案:canHowyousayitlikethat?答案:canWherehehavegone?答案:can/could热点链接热点精练may/might①可以(问句中表示请求);②可能,或许(表推测);③祝愿(用于倒装句中)。Ifthat’sthecase,Iaswelltry.答案:mayWithalotofhomeworktodo,theboynotbewatchingTVathome.答案:may/mightmust①必须,应该(表主观要求);②肯定,想必(肯定句中表推测);③非要,偏偏(用于疑问句或条件状语从句中)。Thatcan’tbetheonlyway.Therebeotherwaysofsolvingtheproblem.答案:mustyoumakesomuchnoise?Thebabyissleeping.答案:Must热点链接热点精练oughtto应当(表示义务、责任,口语中多用should)Youought(learn)howtobepatient.答案:tolearnshall①将要,会;②用于第一、三人称的疑问句来征求对方意见;③用于第二、三人称的陈述句表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等;④用于按规定、按法律要做的事。Yougetananswerfrommebytomorrow.Ipromise.答案:shallThislawcomeintoeffectonMaylst.答案:shall热点链接热点精练should①应当,应该(表义务、责任);②竟然(语气词,表示惊讶,含有责备意味);③按理说,按理应该(表示逻辑推测,语气比较肯定,通常是指非常可能的事);④注意在名词性从句中虚拟语气使用的情况。Weteachthechildrentoknowgoodfrombad.答案:shouldTheybetherebynow,Ithink.答案:shouldIcan’tbearthathespeakillofme.答案:shouldwill/would①意愿,决心;②请求,建议,用在问句时would比较委婉;③表示习惯或倾向性(will表示现在的习惯,would表示过去的习惯)。SheaskedifIgowiththem.答案:wouldWhenhewasachild,heoftengoskiing.答案:would热点链接热点精练usedto过去常常(现在已不再,强调过去与现在的对比)改错:Idon’tsmokethesedays,butIused.答案:used后加to2.“情态动词+havedone”的用法:首先把握“过去”这个时间点,然后通过句意分清是表示“推测”还是表示“虚拟”,这样才能正确选取情态动词。热点链接热点精练虚拟用法:表示后怕、责备或遗憾should/oughttohavedone原本应该做(但未做到)shouldn’t/oughtnottohavedone过去本来不应该做(而实际上却做了)I(watch)thatmovie—Itgavemehorribledreams.答案:shouldn’thavewatchedcouldhavedone本来可以做或有能力做,而实际上未做Sorry,Cathy,Ididn’tknowthatyouwerebadlyshortofmoneythen.Butyou(ask)meforhelp.答案:couldhaveasked热点链接热点精练needn’thavedone原本不必做而实际上却做了Mark(hurry).Afterdrivingattopspeed,hearrivedhalfanhourearly.答案:needn’thavehurried表示对过去事实的推断musthavedone表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定,想必”,语气十分肯定,通常只用于肯定句。It(rain)lastnight,forthegroundiswet.答案:musthaverainedmay/mighthavedone表示对过去行为的不肯定推测,意为“可能做过”,主要用于肯定句和否定句。Sorry,I’mlate.I(turn)offthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.答案:mighthaveturned热点链接热点精练can/couldhavedone“过去可能做过”,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中can’thavedone多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。Ididn’tseeheratthemeetingthismorning;she(speak)atthemeeting.答案:can’t/couldn’thavespoken3.固定句型中的情态动词的用法热点链接热点精练cannot/never...too/enough无论……也不过分;越……越好变体:cannot+动词+toomuch(muchenough)cannot+动词+toomany+可数名词(或toomuch+不可数名词)—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.—Youneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.答案:cancannot(help)butdosth.不得不,只好Whenthestreetsarefullofmeltingsnow,youcan’thelpbut(get)yourshoeswet.答案:getcan’thelpdoing禁不住做某事Ican’thelp(admire)thepicturewheneverIlookatit.答案:admiring热点链接热点精练“may+主语+动词原形”表示祝愿everyonehaveagreatSpringFestival!答案:Maymay/mightaswell不妨,还是……为好“may/mightwell+动词原形”很可能Youarehere,soyouaswellgivemeahand.答案:may/might4.虚拟条件句和含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气的应用:关键点是把握“时间(现在、过去、将来)”。另外,一些表示含蓄条件的副词和介词短语应该重点掌握。热点链接热点精练if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在动词过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形Wewouldgowithyourightnowifwe(have)time.答案:had过去had+过去分词should/would/could/m