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本科毕业设计(论文)基于数字图像的增强方法的实现ImplementationofDigitalImageEnhancementMethod学院：电子工程学院专业班级：电子信息工程学生姓名：学号：指导教师：2016年6月毕业设计（论文）中文摘要基于数字图像的增强方法的实现摘要：数字图像增强技术是数字图像处理过程中相当重要的环节。利用图像增强技术可以加大图像清晰度，改善人类对图像的视觉效果，以便于人眼的观察；再者图像增强技术可以使图像变得更利于计算机的处理。图像增强是一种以主观感受为导向的技术，它没有一个固定的评价标准，图像增强的算法有一定的针对性。本文主要是对灰度图像的增强进行研究，主要运用了灰度拉伸、直方图均衡化两大类方法对图像进行增强处理,并用MATLAB软件对图像进行编程仿真。在此基础上对这两类方法进行比较，通过实验结果分析各自的特点并指明了其最佳适用场景，以希望我们能从中总结出一套图像增强算法的应用指导规则，并且用起来能行之有效。关键词：图像增强；灰度图像；灰度拉伸；直方图均衡化毕业设计（论文）外文摘要ImplementationofDigitalImageEnhancementMethodAbstract:Digitalimageenhancementisaveryimportantpartofintheprocessofdigitalimageprocessing.Usingimageenhancementtechnologycanincreasetheimagesharpness,improvethehumanimageofthevisualeffect,inordertofacilitatetheobservationofthehumaneye;moreover,theimageenhancementtechnologycanmaketheimagemoreconducivetothecomputerprocessing.Imageenhancementisakindoftechnologywhichisbasedonthesubjectivefeeling,ithasnofixedevaluationstandard,andthealgorithmofimageenhancementhascertainpertinence.Thispapermainlystudiestheenhancementofgrayimage,mainlyusingthegraystretch,histogramequalizationofthetwomajorcategoriesofimageenhancementprocessing,anduseMATLABsoftwareforimageprogrammingsimulation.Onthebasisofthetwokindsofmethodswerecomparedthroughtheexperimentresultsanalysisrespectivecharacteristicsandpointsoutthethebestapplicationscenarios,withthehopethatwecansummarizeasetofimageenhancementalgorithmapplicationguidelinesfrom,andusecanbeeffective.Keywords:Imageenhancement;Grayscaletransformation;ImageEnhancementintheSpatialDomain;ImageEnhancementintheFrequencyDomain目录1绪论······························································································11.1课题研究的意义与目的···································································11.2国内外研究现状············································································11.3论文的主要内容············································································21.4论文结构安排···············································································32数字图像增强知识概述·····································································42.1数字图像的相关概念······································································42.2图像增强流程图············································································42.3图像增强常用方法·········································································53图像增强方法与原理·········································································73.1图像类型转换···············································································73.2灰度拉伸·····················································································83.3直方图变换················································································144图像增强算法性能比较···································································174.1算法评价标准定义·······································································174.2实验数据集················································································174.3实验分析···················································································18结论·······························································································301.本文算法的特点·············································································302.未来工作的展望·············································································30致谢·······························································································31参考文献·························································································32淮海工学院二〇一六届本科毕业设计（论文）第1页共33页1绪论绪论部分主要安排介绍了本课题的研究目的及意义，该课题国内外研究现状以及论文内容安排等。1.1课题研究的意义与目的现实生活中，人类利用图像来对各种客观对象进行描述写真，所以图像是人们传递信息必不可少的载体。人类研究数字图像处理，就是为了更方便人类能利用图像传递信息，一般是借助计算机设备或者其他硬件设备，来处理图像中产生的电信号，而这些电信号就是从图像信息转换中而得到的，对这些电信号进行处理后，图像的实用性将得以提高[1]。对于数字图像来说，图像增强技术至关重要。本文研究图像增强，主要有以下两个目的：一是可以改善图像的质量，使图像模糊的地方变的更加清晰，便于人类肉眼的观察；二是图像经过增强之后，计算机再对图像进行处理时会变得更容易，例如图像边缘模糊，那么可以先对其进行锐化，这样图像边缘轮廓线条就会变得清晰，更利于计算机处理，这样一来，编程控制计算机进行跟踪，便可以进行各种特征研究分析。人类利用图像可以是获取和交换大量的信息，因此，对图像增强技术的研究更加迫切。目前，在世界范围内,图像增强处理技术已经在工业工程、航空航天、生物医学、军事公安、通信工程等领域有着广泛且重要的应用,因此，研究图像增强意义十分重大[2]。相信随着人类社会的不断进步，图像增强的技术也必将不断改进，应用领域也将不断地扩大，它将在国家安全、经济发展、日常生活中充当越来越重要的角色,对国家发展，社会前进起着不可低估的作用。1.2国内外研究现状在自然界中，人类所获取的信息中大概有75%-85%是视觉信息，这说明数字图像处理对人类来说很重要。总体来说，数字图像处理技术的发展已经经历了60年的风雨历程。20世纪60年代初期，第一次将数字图像处理应用到生活之中的是美国人，他们在喷气推进实验室中首次成功运用这一技术，成功地对月球照片进行处理。但是在这一时期，由于数字图像处理设备成本较高，所以很难将它推广到其他领域。到了20世纪70年代，数字图像处理进入了发展期，这时人们已经开始大量采用中大型机对图像进行处理，扫描显示方式也淘汰了以前落后的方式，光栅扫描显示被逐渐推用，更值得一提的是，这个时期出现了CT和卫星遥感图像，促进了数字图像处理的发展。等到进入了20世纪80年代以后，数字图像处理技术也逐渐开始进入了普及期。此时，人类已经能用微机来处理图形图像了。而到后来，又出现了VLSI，它的出现无疑推动了数字图像发展史，因为它不仅能使得数字图像处理的速度前所未有的提高，更重要的是它的价格比以往降低了，图像处理的成本也大大减少，这极大的促进了数字图像处理技术的推广和应用[3]。20世纪90年代，数字图像处理技术进入了实用化时期，此阶段，社会信息化程度淮海工学院二〇一六届本科毕业设计（论文）第2页共33页不断提高，数字图像处理的信息总量也不断增长，这就要求图像处理的速度要能跟上时代的要求。到了21新世纪，数字图像处理技术开始转向高质量化方向发展。在这一阶段，图像的实时处理已经能很好地实现了，并且采用数字全息技术，也能使图像所包含的信息相当完整和丰富，实现了图像的智能生成、处理、理解和识别[4]。图像增强技术对数字图像处理来说至关重要，数字图像处理技术发展以来，人们相当重视图像增强技术的研究，因为它对于改善图像质量所发挥的作用至关重要。进入21世纪以后，人类对于图像增强的研究更加关注，很多图像增强的方法被不断地发展创新。一般来说，人们习惯将图像增强的方法分为两类，一类是空间域处理方法，另一类是频率域的处理法。基于空间域的图像增强