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TedHughes(17August1930–28October1998)•life•works•literarystyle•otherinformationEdwardJamesHughesOM(17August1930–28October1998),morecommonlyknownasTedHughes,wasanEnglishpoetandchildren'swriter.HugheswasBritishPoetLaureatefrom1984untilhisdeath.LifeCriticsroutinelyrankhimasoneofthebestpoetsofhisgeneration.HugheswasmarriedtotheAmericanpoetSylviaPlath,from1956untilherdeathbysuicidein1963attheageof30.Hispartintherelationshipbecamecontroversialtosomefeministsand(particularly)AmericanadmirersofPlath.SylviaPlathSylviaPlath(October27,1932–February11,1963)wasanAmericanpoet,novelistandshortstorywriter.BorninMassachusetts,shestudiedatSmithCollegeandNewnhamCollegeCambridgebeforereceivingacclaimasaprofessionalpoetandwriter.ShemarriedfellowpoetTedHughesin1956andtheylivedtogetherfirstintheUnitedStatesandthenEngland,havingtwochildrentogether:FriedaandNicholas.Followingalongstrugglewithdepressionandamaritalseparation,Plathcommittedsuicidein1963.Controversy（争论）continuestosurroundtheeventsofherlifeanddeath,aswellasherwritingandlegacy.Plathiscreditedwithadvancingthegenreofconfessionalpoetry自白派andisbestknownforhertwocollections《巨人及其他诗歌》（TheColossusandOtherPoems）and《爱丽尔》（Ariel）.In1982,shebecamethefirstpoettowinaPulitzerPrize（普利策奖）posthumouslyforTheCollectedPoems.ShealsowroteTheBellJar,asemi-autobiographical（半自传体的）novelpublishedshortlybeforeherdeath.literarystyleHughes'earlierpoeticworkisrootedinnatureand,inparticular,theinnocentsavageryofanimals,aninterestfromanearlyage.Hewrotefrequentlyofthemixtureofbeautyandviolenceinthenaturalworld.Animalsserveasametaphorforhisviewonlife:animalsliveoutastruggleforthesurvivalofthefittestinthesamewaythathumansstriveforascendancyandsuccess.AclassicexampleisthepoemHawkRoosting.HislaterworkisdeeplyreliantuponmythandtheBritishbardictradition,heavilyinflectedwithamodernist,andecologicalviewpoint.Hughes'firstcollection,HawkintheRain(1957)《雨中鹰》attractedconsiderablecriticalacclaim.In1959hewontheGalbraithprizewhichbrought$5,000.Hughesworkedfor10yearsonaprosepoem(散文诗),Gaudete高黛特,whichhehopedtohavemadeintoafilm.（一首有关生殖仪式的长诗，1977）InBirthdayLetters,hislastcollection,HughesbrokehissilenceonPlath,detailingaspectsoftheirlifetogetherandhisownbehaviouratthetime.ThecoverartworkwasbytheirdaughterFrieda.ApoemdiscoveredinOctober2010,Lastletter,describeswhathappenedduringthethreedaysleadinguptoPlath'ssuicideHealsowrotebothpoetryandproseforchildren,oneofhismostsuccessfulbooksbeingTheIronMan（铁人）,writtentocomforthischildrenafterSylviaPlath'ssuicide.HugheswasappointedasPoetLaureate(桂冠诗人)in1984followingthedeathofJohnBetjemanItwaslaterknownthatHugheswassecondchoicefortheappointmentafterPhilipLarkin,thepreferrednominee,declined,becauseofillhealthandwriter'sblock.Hughesservedinthispositionuntilhisdeathin1998Hisdefinitive1,333-pageCollectedPoems(Faber&Faber)appearedin2003.Poetrycollections1957TheHawkintheRain1960Lupercal1967Wodwo1970Crow:FromtheLifeandtheSongsoftheCrow1972SelectedPoems1957-19671975CaveBirds1977Gaudete1979RemainsofElmet(withphotographsbyFayGodwin)1979Moortown1983River1986FlowersandInsects1989Wolfwatching1992Rain-charmfortheDuchy1994NewSelectedPoems1957-19941997TalesfromOvid1998BirthdayLetters—winnerofthe1998ForwardPoetryPrizeforbestcollection,the1998T.S.EliotPrize,andthe1999BritishBookoftheYearaward.2003CollectedPoemsTheHawkintheRainIdrowninthedrummingploughland,IdragupHeelafterheelfromtheswallowingoftheearth'smouth,FromclaythatclutchesmyeachsteptotheankleWiththehabitofthedoggedgrave,butthehawkEffortlesslyatheighthangshisstilleye.Hiswingsholdallcreationinaweightlessquiet,Steadyasahallucinationinthestreamingair.Whilebangingwindkillsthesestubbornhedges,雨中的鹰（泰德·休斯/作，张文武/译）我陷入了雨中的耕地，一步一步艰难地从大地的口中拔出脚跟，每一步，黏土都淹没到我的脚踝，带着顽固的坟墓的气息。而鹰在高空毫不费力地垂下平静的眼睛。他的双翅将万物控制在轻盈的寂静之中，如此平稳，如同流动的空气中的幻觉。砰砰作响的风撞击着顽固的篱笆，Thumbsmyeyes,throwsmybreath,tacklesmyheart,Andrainhacksmyheadtothebone,thehawkhangsThediamondpointofwillthatpolestarsTheseadrowner'sendurance:andI,Bloodilygrabbeddazedlast-moment-countingMorselintheearth'smouth,straintowardsthemaster-Fulcrumofviolencewherethehawkhangsstill.ThatmaybeinhisowntimemeetstheweatherComingthewrongway,sufferstheair,hurledupsidedown,Fallfromhiseye,theponderousshirescrashonhim,Thehorizontrapshim;theroundangeliceyeSmashed,mixhisheart'sbloodwiththemireoftheland.拨弄我的双眼，攫走我的呼吸，攥紧我的心脏，雨击打着我的头骨，而那鹰高悬起金刚石般的意志，如北极星一般指引着溺海者继续忍耐：而我，被大地在最后关头死死咬住的一口食物，向着上帝的暴力支点，那鹰的静悬之处拼死迈进。那鹰也许在悠闲的某时遭遇了不测的风雨，遭遇气流，从高空被抛下，从他的眼中跌落，沉重的云撞击着他，地面将他捕获；天使的圆眼睛碎裂了，他心脏的血与地上的泥泞混在一起。otherinformationHugheswasbornon17August1930at1AspinalStreet,inMytholmroyd,WestYorkshiretoWilliamHenryandEdith(néeFarrar)Hughes[6]andraisedamongthelocalfarmsinthearea.AccordingtoHughes,Myfirstsixyearsshapedeverything.WhenHugheswassevenhisfamilymovedtoMexborough,SouthYorkshire,wheretheyrananewsagentsandtobaccoshop.HeattendedMexboroughGrammarSchool,wherehisteachersencouragedhimtowrite.In1946oneofhisearlypoems,WildWestandashortstorywerepublishedinthegrammarschoolmagazineHughesstudiedEnglish,anthropologyandarchaeologyatPembrokeCollege.Atthistimehisfirstpublishedpoetryappear