基于单片机的油烟机设计

编号：毕业设计说明书题目：油烟机智能控制系统设计学院：信息与通信学院专业：通信工程学生姓名：廖秋平学号：1200210317指导教师：侯杏娜职称：讲师题目类型：理论研究实验研究工程设计工程技术研究软件开发2016年5月5日第I页共IV页摘要厨房是人们家庭生活所必须的一个地方，有家的地方就有厨房，主妇往往是厨房主角。由于主妇每天在厨房待的时间非常长，很容易出现头痛，胸闷之类的症状，这一般是由于厨房中的油烟所导致的不良反应。厨房油烟困扰着人们的健康，于是传统的油烟机就此诞生。然而，老式的油烟机需要自己来开或关，它的档位也是需要自己来进行调节，这样既不方便也很浪费电，这就是本文设计的缘由。本文通过用TGS2600气敏传感器对油烟浓度进行实时监测，根据不同浓度门限由系统进行智能化调控油烟机风扇的档位，在浓度低于最低门限值时，系统自动关闭风扇。同时用HC-SR501人体红外检测模块对厨房人员走动来进行实时监测，当人离开且有油烟时系统工作在低功耗模式，风扇处于档位一状态，，没有油烟则风扇关闭，这样有利于省电。同时用MQ-5气敏传感器来进行煤气泄漏的检测，煤气浓度超过设定值时，报警，通过SIM900A模块给房主发提示短信,同时由于TGS2600对煤气等有气味气体也会有感应，当浓度等级高于门限1时风扇也可以转动，达到排出煤气的功能，这样一举两得。系统芯片选用STC12C5A60S2，它是功耗很低，同时处理速率快，抗干扰性能很好的新一代的单片机，同时它内部的PCA能够输出2路PWM信号，有利于系统实现对电机的调速控制，且有八路高速10位A/D转换接口，系统设计时不须要外接AD转换模块，能够极大简化电路。采用单片机对厨房油烟机进行智能化控制，这样有利于人们在厨房炒菜时不用自己手动调节，同时本系统还增加了煤气泄漏检测功能，能检测煤气泄漏并向房间主人报警，风扇转动排出煤气，保障人民生命财产安全。关键词：传感器；报警器；单片机第II页共IV页AbstractThekitchenisaplacewherepeoplehaveafamilylife,ahomewherethereisthekitchen,thekitchenisoftenthehousewifeprotagonist.Sincethehousewifeinthekitcheneverydaytobeaverylongtime,itispronetosymptomsofheadache,chesttightness,andthelike,whichismainlyduetotheadverseeffectsofthefumesfromthekitchencaused.Kitchenfumesplaguedpeople'shealth,sothetraditionalhoodwasborn.However,theconventionalhoodneedsitsownswitchgearcannotbebasedontheactualsituationinreal-timecontrol,needtobeadjustedmanually,soinconvenientandawasteofelectricity,whichisthereasonforthisdesign.ByusingTGS2600gassensorsforreal-timemonitoringsootconcentration,limitedbythesystemforintelligentregulationhoodfangeardependingontheconcentrationofthedoor,ataconcentrationbelowtheminimumthreshold,thesystemautomaticallyturnsoffthefan.AtthesametimewiththeHC-SR501Humaninfrareddetectormodulesforthekitchenstafftomovetoreal-timemonitoring,whenpeopleleaveandthereissootsystemoperatesinalow-powermode,thefanisinastallstate,nofumesfromthefanoff,itisagoodpower.AtthesametimewiththeMQ-5gassensorstodetectgasconcentrationexceedsthesetvalueofthegasleakalarm,thehomeownerbySIM900AmoduletosendSMStips,andbecauseTGS2600forgasandotherodorousgaseswillhaveinduction,whenconcentrationlevelishigherthanthethreshold1fantoberotatedtoreachthegasdischargefunction,sodoboth.SystemchipusedSTC12C5A60S2,itislowpowerconsumption,andfastprocessingspeed,excellentanti-jammingperformanceofanewgenerationofmicrocontroller,whileitsinternalPCAcanoutputtwoPWMsignalinfavorofsystemimplementationformotorspeedcontrol,andhaseight10-speedA/Dconversioninterface,thesystemdoesnotneedanexternalA/Dconvertermoduledesign,cangreatlysimplifythecircuit.Kitchenhoodusingmicrocontrollerintelligentcontrol,thiswillhelpinthekitchencookingwhenpeopledonothavetobeadjustedmanually,whilethesystemalsoincreasedthegasleakdetectionfunctioncandetectgasleakstotheroommasteralarm,fanrotationexhaustgas,toprotectpeople'slivesandproperty.Keyword：sensor;alarm;microcontroller第III页共IV页目录1绪论........................................................11.1课题研究背景..........................................................11.2课题的研究目的和意义..................................................11.3课题的研究内容........................................................12系统设计与方案选择..........................................22.1系统的功能要求........................................................22.2系统的技术要求........................................................22.3总体设计..............................................................32.4各模块的方案选择......................................................42.4.1单片机模块的方案选择................................................42.4.2红外人体感应模块的选择..............................................52.4.3GSM模块的选择......................................................52.4.4电机驱动模块的选择..................................................63硬件电路设计................................................63.1单片机最小系统模块....................................................63.2电源电路模块电路设计..................................................83.3油烟检测模块电路设计..................................................93.4煤气检测模块电路设计.................................................113.5红外人体检测模块.....................................................133.6GSM模块电路设计.....................................................153.7直流电机模块电路设计.................................................163.8液晶显示模块电路设计.................................................164软件设计...................................................174.1系统主要功能流程图...................................................184.2油烟检测模块与电机模块的联合编程.....................................194.3煤气检测模块与GSM模块的联合编程.....................................20第IV页共IV页4.4串口编程.............................................................204.5短信编程.............................................................215系统软硬件调试.............................................225.1硬件部分的调试.......................................................225.2软件部分的调试.......................................................235.3调试中遇到的问题.....................................................245.4测试结果.............................................................246总结.......................................................25谢辞........