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1.todo2.-ing3.done1.Tomreturnedfromthemanager’soffice,tellingmethatthebosswantedtoseemeatonce.2.Thenewsmeeting,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwithreporters.3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind.4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.Hemusthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMr.Wang.7.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowersboughtbyhermother.8.Toliveistostruggle.(生活就是斗争。)找出下列句子中的非谓语动词（含短语）下面从二个方面来复习非谓语动词1.非谓语动词的七大经典原则2.非谓语动词解题四大步骤一.非谓语动词的七大经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义英语非谓语动词题的七条经典原则原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere，hesaidhewassentthere_____foraspaceflight.（2007江西卷）A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained【解析】由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除A和B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系，故选D。如：Shegotupveryearlytocatchupthefirstbus.2._____thiscake，you’llneed2eggs，175gsugarand175gflour.（2006广东卷）A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Makingtocatchupthefirstbus.3.Asthelightturnedgreen，Istoodforamoment，not_____，andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.(2007湖南卷)A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.Beingmoved4.Hesat_____toher______thestairs.A.tolisten;toclimbB.listening;toclimbC.listening;climbD.listening;toclimbing【解析】listen是伴随sat而同时由主语he发出的，所以用-ing作伴随状语；listento后跟不带to的不定式/-ing作宾补。【解析】由于与句子主语之间为主动关系，且表示当时持续了一会儿，故用-ing。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.listento…do/doing…－ing形式作伴随状语与todo作目的状语的区别：作伴随状语的－ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生且前面常常带一逗号;而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比谓语动词的动作后发生前面不能用逗号。用括号里的词的适当形式填空1.Writetotheeditor,________thattheeditorwouldbeabletohelpher．（hope）2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstoppedthere_________onabigrock．(rest)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintonight,______alongspeech.(prepare)4.___________warm,weshutallthewindows.(keep)preparingtoresthopingTokeep,,原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其原则区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。5.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance，_____inthenaturallightduringtheday.（2007天津卷）A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet【解析]此处用-ing表示自然而然的结果。如：Itrainedheavily，causingseverefloodinginthatplace.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。6.Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear，_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.（2005山东卷）A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching8.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.（2006陕西卷）A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Hehurriedtothestation,only______thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东卷)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound【解析】onlytodosth在此表示出人意料的结果。原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.9.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle_____.（2007浙江卷）A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除B和C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选A。11.Whenshecamein,shewassurprisedtofindastranger_______atthebackoftheclassroomwithhiseyes_____uponher.A.seating;fixingB.toseat;fixingC.havingseated;fixedD.seated;fixed10.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose【解析】of后应接-ing，desks与openandclose之间存在逻辑上的被动关系，又因couldbeheard，所以选-ing的被动式表正在被进行的动作。ofastrangerhiseyessittingseatvt.fixone’seyesupon…=Iwasseated.Iseatedmyself.=Isatdown原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.12.Facedwithabillfor$10,000，_____.（2006陕西卷）A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn13.Whilewatchingtelevision，_____.（2005全国卷III）A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings【解析】因为watching的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项A和B；又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了to的不定式，所以选项D中的rings是错误的。watchingfacedwith(be)facedwith…原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式（根据情况可用不定式的完成式或—ing的完成式）14._____fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears，Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountriesintheworld.（2005湖北卷）A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparated【解析】因为Australia与separate是被动关系，且separate发生在谓语动词has之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式作原因状语。15.Themanager，_____itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus，leftthemeetingroom.（2005江西卷）A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making【解析】因为Themanager与make是主动关系，且make发生在谓语left之前，所以用-ing的完成式作状语，havingmade...相当于whohadmade...的意思。lefthas16.—LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountry—Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudyinghestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?CABisSbissaidtodo…据说…原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生;用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。17.Therewillbemorethanthreehundredscientistsattendingthemeeting_____thedayaftertomorrow.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld18.Therearehundredsofvisitors_____infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.（2006上海卷）A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.waitthemeetingthedayaftertomorrowvisitors19.“Things_____nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.（2007湖南卷）A.lostB.losingC.tolostD.havelost20.—Thelastone_____paysthemeal