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1defendvt.辩解,辩白;防御,保护◆单句填空①Theyneverevengavemeachancetodefend(defend)myself.②WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein'sjobsisdefending(defend)anindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbag.③Thefemalehormonesalsohelpthebodydefenditselfagainst/fromsomekindsofinfections.◆完成句子④Wedon'tknowhowmanypeoplegavetheirlivesindefenceof(捍卫)freedom.⑤Thetravellermayfireatawildbeasttodefendhimself(保护自己)incaseheisattacked.⑥It'snaturalforacountrytodefenditselffrom/against(保护自己免受)othercountries.点拨(1)defendoneself自卫,为自己辩护defend...from/against...保护……免受……的伤害(2)defencen.防御;防护;保卫indefenceof为了保护……[点津]与defend...from...类似的短语还有:keep/prevent/stop...from...阻止……做……protect...from...保护……免受……的伤害2deservevt.值得;应得;应受◆单句填空①Ithinkyoursuggestiondeservestrying/tobetried(try).②Theydidn'tdeservetowin(win).◆句型转换③Weshouldkeepinmindthateveryone'sideasdeserveconsideration.→Weshouldkeepinmindthateveryone'sideasdeserveconsidering.→Weshouldkeepinmindthateveryone'sideasdeservetobeconsidered.◆完成句子④唐诗永远值得反复阅读。TangPoemsdeservereading/deservetobereadagainandagainallthetime.⑤我认为任何好的建议都值得考虑。Ithinkanygoodsuggestiondeservesconsideration/considering/tobeconsidered.点拨deservetodosth.值得做某事deservetobedone/deservedoing值得被做deserveconsideration值得考虑deserveone'srespect值得某人的尊敬[点津]当物作主语时,deserve后接doing,主动形式表示被动意义,相当于接动词不定式的被动形式。need,want,require作“需要”讲时也有类似用法。3insistvi.坚持;坚持认为;坚决要求◆单句填空①Recently,hehasbeenrefusingtodohishomework,andinsteadinsistsonwastinghistimewatchingDVDsandlisteningtoforeignmusic.②AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“(should)be(be)watchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.③Hepersistsinhisbadhabit.点拨insiston(doing)sth.坚持(做)某事insistthat...坚持认为……,坚决要求……[联想]后接宾语从句时,从句用虚拟语气的常见动词有:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(advise,suggest,propose),四要求(demand,require,request,ask),外加一个敦促(urge)。[点津]insistthat:表示“坚持认为”时,从句用陈述语气;表示“坚决要求”时,从句用虚拟语气,谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。[辨析]insist与persist{指坚持意见、看法、主张等常与连用。作坚决要求讲时后面从句要用虚拟语气。多用于坚持行动意为坚持执意常和连用。4harmvt.&n.伤害◆用harm,injure,hurt和destroy的适当形式填空①Theschoolwascompletelydestroyedbyfire.②Thecourtcasewilldoseriousharmtomybusiness.③You'llhurtherfeelingsifyouforgetherbirthday.④Beinginjuredinthelegmadeitimpossibleformetowalkasfastasusual.◆单句填空⑤HowcanIhelpmysonwithoutharming(harm)ourrelationship?⑥Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmful(harm)effectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld'slakesandoceans.⑦Youneedn'tworryandthisexperimentwasharmless(harm)totheanimals.点拨}对某人/物有害;伤害某人/物thereisnoharmindoingsth.=itdoesnoharmtodosth.做某事没有什么坏处harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的beharmlesstosb./sth.对某人/物无害[辨析]damage,destroy,injure,harm和hurt(1)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏,通常指那种使价值、有用性和有效性减少的损害;(2)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏;(3)injure可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响;(4)harm与hurt主要指带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害。5forbidvt.禁止(forbade,forbidden)◆单句填空①HeevenforbidsmefromchattingwithmyfriendsintheInternetcafe!◆句型转换考虑到他的学习,他的爸爸禁止他在微信上聊天。Inviewofhisstudy,hisfatherforbadehim/hischattingonWeChat.②=Inviewofhisstudy,hisfatherforbadehimtochatonWeChat.③=Inviewofhisstudy,hisfatherforbadehimfromchattingonWeChat.◆句式升级④Weareforbiddentoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.(用it作形式主语改写)It'sforbiddenforustoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.点拨forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事It'sforbidden(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是禁止的。[点津]forbid的近义词是ban和prohibit,ban/prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事。forbid后常接动名词作宾语,这类常考动词还有admit(承认)、avoid(避免)、consider(考虑)、deny(否认)、imagine(想象)、mind(介意)、escape(避免)等。1besupposedto应该……,应当……◆单句填空①But,but...youweren'tsupposedtocome(come)homeuntiltomorrow!②Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequired(require)vaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.③Supposing/Suppose(suppose)shedoesn'tcome,whatshallwedo?◆一句多译你本应该昨天就把作业交上的。④Youweresupposedtohavehandedinyourhomeworkyesterday.(besupposedto)⑤Youshouldhavehandedinyourhomeworkyesterday.(should)⑥Yououghttohavehandedinyourhomeworkyesterday.(oughtto)点拨besupposedtodosth.应该做某事besupposedtohavedonesth.本应该做某事(实际上未做)besupposedtobe...被认为是……Isupposeso.我认为是这样。Isupposenot.(=Idon'tsupposeso.)我认为不是这样。suppose/supposing(that)假设;假定[联想]表示“本来应该做某事(但未去做)”的结构还有shouldhavedonesth.和oughttohavedonesth.等。2aslongas只要◆单句填空①Wemakenorestrictionsonthekindsoffilmsweshow—aslongasafilm'squalitymeets(meet)ourstandards,weincludeit.◆赏句猜义(写出下列句子中aslongas的汉语意思)②Thisriverisaslongasthatone.和……一样长③Idecidedtoplaywithhimwithonlyonetoyforaslongasitwouldkeephisinterest.只要◆选词填空(aslongas,aswellas,asfaras,asgoodas)④MaryaswellasJohnhasgonetoTaiwantospendtheirholiday.⑤Youcanborrowmycomputeraslongasyoupromisetoreturnitintime.⑥AsfarasIamconcerned,Iapproveoftheplan.点拨aslongas只要,相当于solongas,引导条件状语从句。[联想]sowellas与……一样好;也;还asfaras远到……;就……而言;至于asgoodas与……一样好;与……几乎一样1with的复合结构◆单句填空①Theroomisinamess,withpizzaboxesontheflooranddirtydishesinthesink.②Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughouttheday.③Withnothingtodo(do),Tomsleepsathome.④Youshouldgotosleepwiththelightturned(turn)off.⑤Withwintercoming(come)on,it'stimetobuywarmclothes.⑥Withallthethingssheneededbought(buy),shewenthome