竞争法(双语)课程03-antimonopoly--law2-垄断协议1

JUFEYuLing1Part2AntimonopolyLaw:ChinesePerspectiveJUFEYuLing•LectureProcedures•Leading:writingpractices(10mins)•ClassPresentation(25mins)•Summary(5mins)•Questions&Assignment(5mins)JUFEYuLingActivity:writingpracticesJUFEYuLing4Cases(1)ReportChristmastreepricefixingscandalinDenmark(2007)(2)BrieftocaseContinentalTVInc.v.GTESylvania,Inc.(1977).LeeginCreativeLeatherProducts,Inc.v.PSKS,Inc.,551U.S.877(2007).JUFEYuLingYouwillbedividedinto2groups.OnegroupisrequiredtowriteareportaboutChristmastreepricefixingscandalinDenmark(2007).TheothergroupisrequiredtowriteabrieftocaseaboutContinentalcaseandLeegincase.Everyoneshouldturnonawritingpaperbeforenextclass.YourcontentmustfocusonIssuesofthiscaseWhichjudicialdoctrineshouldbeapplied?Howtoprovemonopolyconducts?ExpectedOutcomeJUFEYuLingClassPresentationJUFEYuLing7ChristmastreepricefixingscandalinDenmark(2007)ReportJUFEYuLingFactIn2007therewasasharpdeclineinDanishtreeproduction.Productionfellfrom12millionto8million,reducingexportnumbersdrastically.TheUnitedKingdom,anationwhichnormallyimportedabout1.5millionChristmastreesfromDenmark,imported500,000treesfromDenmark.Initially,theshortfallandtheresultingpriceincrease.DuringthattimegrowersplantedfarfewertreesafteroverproductionhaddrivenmanyChristmastreefarmersoutofbusiness.8JUFEYuLingIssuesOnDecember17,2007theDanishChristmasTreeGrowersAssociation(DCTGA)waschargedwithpricefixingbythestateprosecutorforseriouseconomiccrimes.DCTGA:wasaccusedofsendingpriceguidelinestoitsmemberssuggestingapriceincreaseof10to25percent.In2007,priceseventuallyrose25percent.ChargeswerehandeddownaftertheDanishCompetitionAuthoritywarnedtheDCTGAin2001and2005aboutthesamepractices.Boththeassociationitselfandtheassociation'sdirectoratthetimeKajØstergaardwerechargedinthecase.9JUFEYuLingJudgmentofFirstInstancetheEasternHighCourt.ThecourtruledthattheDCGTAhadpublishedpricestatisticsandapricecalculationmodel,aswellasothertoolswhichwereusedtoguidememberpricing,includingminimumprices.TheDCTGAwasseriouslyviolateoftheDanishCompetitionActduetopricefixing.theDCTGA500,000kroner,andthemembersoftheexecutivecommitteewerefined15,000kroner.10JUFEYuLingJudgmentofSecondInstanceTheDanishSupremeCourtreviewedthecase.TheSupremeCourtfinedtheDCTGA500,000kroner,andthemembersoftheexecutivecommittee25,000kroner.Boththeassociationanditsmanagerwereconvictedinthecase.11JUFEYuLingQuestions1.Whatispricefixing?Whatishorizontalagreements?Whatismonopolyagreements?2.Whyshouldwefightagainstpricefixing?3.Howshouldthestateregulatepricefixing?4.Howshouldthecompanypreventpricefixinginordertominimizeitslegalrisks?12JUFEYuLingLearningObjectives(1)DefinePriceFixing,HorizontalAgreementsandMonopolyAgreements;(2)ExplaintheHazardnessofCartels;(3)ExpoundtheRationaleofRegulatingCartels.JUFEYuLing14Chapter4HorizontalMonopolyAgreementsJUFEYuLing1.Pricefixing,HorizontalagreementsandMonopolyAgreementsReadArt.13(1)TheDefinitionofMAsMonopolyAgreementsinAMLreferstoagreements,decisionsorotherconcertedbehaviorsthateliminateorrestrictcompetition.JUFEYuLing(2)TheFormsofMAsQuestions:Ifthereisnocontract(agreement),cantherebeaMAbetweencompetitors?MAsAgreementsbetweencompetitorsDecisionsByTradeAsso.otherconcertedbehaviorsbetweencompetitorsJUFEYuLing(3)CategoryHorizontalagreements:Amongcompetitors•Inthesamelevelsoftheproductionordistributionchain.Verticalagreements:Amongbusinessoperatorsupordownthesupplychainfromoneanother.•Atdifferentlevelsoftheproductionordistributionchain.JUFEYuLingHorizontalagreements(Hard-coreCartels)HorizontalagreementsareagreementsamongSellers(orBuyers)thatrestraincompetitionbetweencompetitorsinthesamemarket.SellerBuyerSellerSellerBuyerBuyerJUFEYuLingMAHorizontalagreementsamongcompetitorsVerticalagreementsupstream&downstreamcompaniesJUFEYuLing20(4)PriceFixingAnagreementbetweencompetingfirmsinthemarkettosetanestablishedpriceforthegoodsorservicestheyoffer.WhatisthemainpurposeofDanishtreegrowersandDCTGAtoconductpricefixing?Topushthepriceashighaspossible,orToincreasetheprofitsofallsellers.JUFEYuLing(5)OtherKindsofHAs1.Fixingorchangingthepriceofcommodities;2.Restrictingtheproductionquantity;3.Dividingthemarket;4.Restrictingthepurchaseofnewtechnologyornew;5.Jointlyboycottingtransactions;or6.OthermonopolyagreementsasdeterminedbytheAnti-monopolyLawEnforcementAgencyundertheStateCouncil.21JUFEYuLing22Cartelsarecancersontheopenmarketeconomy.Bydestroyingcompetitiontheycauseseriousharmtooureconomiesandconsumers.——OECDJUFEYuLing2.TheHazardnessofHAs23CombineChristmastreecase,pleaselistthehazardnessofpricefixing.Whatisthehazardnesstomarketeconomy？Whatisthehazardnesstotheconsumers?Whatisthehazardnesstootherbusinessoperators?theftcf.pricefixingJUFEYuLing2.TheHazardnessofHAs1)Injurytheinterestsofotherbusinessoperators.2)Injurytheinterestsofconsumers.(preventsresellersfromcompetingtoofiercelyonprice,especiallywithregardtofungiblegoods)3)Destroythecompetitionmechanism.24JUFEYuLingTheftcf.pricefixingTheftPropertycrime.NoSocialwelfarenetlosses.25ApursesB(thieves