造纸植物纤维原料概述

Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood1TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology第一章植物纤维原料的化学成分及生物结构Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood2TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology第一节植物界的基本类群一、植物的分类原则分类学的主要等级为：界(Kingdom)、门(Division)、纲(Class)、目(Order)、科(Family)、属(Gerus)、种(Species)，“种”是最基本的单位。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood3TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology裸藻门绿藻门轮藻门金藻门甲藻门藻类植物褐藻门孢子植物红藻门（隐花植物）蓝藻门低等植物细菌门粘菌门菌类植物植物界真菌门地衣门……………….苔鲜植物门蕨类植物门种子植物裸子植物门高等植物（显花植物）被子植物门Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood4TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology苏铁纲(Gycadinae)银杏纲(Ginkgoinae)裸子植物门松柏纲(Coniferae)(Gymnospermae)红豆杉纲(Taxinae)买麻藤纲(Gnetinae)松柏纲松、杉、柏及南洋杉科Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood5TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology双子叶植物纲被子植物门单子叶植物纲双子叶植物纲阔叶材单子叶植物纲禾本科Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood6TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology二、植物的命名国际通用的学名，基本采用了1753年瑞典植物学家林奈(CarlvonLinne)所倡用的“双名法”作为统一的植物命名法。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood7TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology第一个词是属名，相当于“姓”，词性：名词；第二个词是种加词，相当于“名”，词性：形容词；学名后面加上最早给这个植物命名的作者名的缩写；学名是用拉丁文来命名的，如采用其他文字语言时也必须用拉丁字母拼音，即所谓的拉丁化。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood8TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology完整学名：属名+种加词+命名人名缩写如:马尾松：PinusmassonnianaLamb.云杉：CunninghamialanceolataHook.三名法：属名+种加词+亚种或变种加词+命名人名缩写如：大叶相思：AcaciaauriculiformisA.cunn.ex.BenthChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood9TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology三、造纸植物纤维原料的分类及其代表性植物（一）木材纤维原料1、针叶材(NeedleleavedwoodorSoftwoodorConiferous)2、阔叶材(LeafwoodorHardwoodorDicotyledon)Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood10TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology1．针叶材裸子植物门松柏纲植物因叶多为针状，故称为针叶木。商业上称为软木。如：云杉、冷杉、马尾松、落叶松、红松、白松。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood11TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology西部铁杉TsugaheterophyllaChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood12TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology叶部Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood13TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology黄杉PseudotsugamenziesiiChapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood14TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology2、阔叶材被子植物门的木本植物是阔叶的、故称为阔叶材，商业上称为硬木。如：杨木、桦木、枫木、桉木、榉木、槭木、相思木等。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood15TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology杨木Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood16TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology杨木Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood17TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology杨木Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood18TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology（二）非木材纤维原料1．禾本科纤维原料2．韧皮纤维原料3．籽毛纤维原料4．叶部纤维原料Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood19TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology1．禾本科纤维原料稻草、麦草、芦苇、荻、甘蔗渣、高梁杆、玉米杆、麻杆、毛竹、慈竹、白夹竹、楠竹等。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood20TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology小麦茎叶与花序Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood21TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology甘蔗Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood22TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology洞庭湖湿地出产的芦苇Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood23TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology竹子Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood24TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology2．韧皮纤维原料红麻、亚麻、黄麻、苎麻、大麻、棉杆皮、桑皮、构皮、檀皮、雁皮等。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood25TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology3．籽毛纤维原料棉花、棉短绒、古棉。4．叶部纤维原料香蕉叶、龙舌兰麻、甘蔗叶、龙须草等。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood26TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology棉花Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood27TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology（三）半木材纤维原料这类原料主要指棉秆。棉秆的形态、结构介于木材和禾本科原料之间；分类学上属于棉葵科、棉属。其化学成分、形态结构及物理性质与阔叶材相近。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood28TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology（四）合成纤维、合成浆人造丝、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯等。合成纤维可用于生产无纺布、过滤纸及一些特种纸等。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood29TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology（五）二次纤维（SecondaryFiber）旧报纸（ONP）、旧杂志纸（OMG）、旧瓦楞箱纸板（OCC：oldcorrugatedcontainer）等。美国废纸商协会1997年废纸出口贸易指南PS-97中将废纸分为51个等级和33个特殊等级。Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood30TianjinUniversityofScience&TechnologyGlobaldevelopmentofpaperproduction,chemicalpulp,andrecoveredpaperconsumption.Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood31TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology旧瓦楞箱纸板（OCC）Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood32TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology旧报纸（ONP）Chapter1TheCompositionandStructureofWood33TianjinUniversityofScience&Technology