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2，各类动词被动语态结构3，不使用被动语态情况英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(theActiveVoice)被动语态(thePassiveVoice)Whatisit?A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Weplantedthetree.Thetreewasplantedbyus.Whentouseit?1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。2.当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是动作的执行者。这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的)。这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。（强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）Thedictionaryiswellkept.Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s.结构：be+动词的过去分词意义：强调主语是动作的承受者Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.变化：示例Theboybroketheglass.Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.从主动语态变为被动语态1.主语2.谓语3.宾语介词by+宾语加be,并变为过去分词主语1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoesaremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.一般将来时;willbe+动词的过去分词二、常见语态转换1.Lucyboughtsomefruit.Somefruit________________Lucy.2.UncleWangwaterstheflowerseveryday.Theflowers______________UncleWangeveryday.3.Didtheybuildthebridgein1998?____thebridge_____in1998?4.WhendidLuXunwritethesebooks?When_____thesebooks___________LuXun?5.Thefarmersdon’tgrowapplesonthefarm.Apples__________onthefarm.6.Theydidn’tcleantheclassroomyesterday.Theclassroom_______________yesterday.wasboughtbyarewateredbyWasbuiltwerewrittenbyaren’tgrownwasn’tcleaned小结：1、被动语态的转换，确定_____是关键，_______永不变。2、Be的时态由_______________确定；be的单/复数由____________确定。3、问句提前__________;否定________后加not.be形过去分词主动时态被动主语be动词be(二）1，情态动词的被动语态。1.Youcandotheworkallbyyourself.Thework_______________allbyyourself.2.Wemustplantmoretrees.Moretrees__________________.4.Canweputourbikeshere?_____ourbikes_________here?小结：1.含情态动词的被动结构：______________________.2.疑问句提前_____________;否定句：___________+not.canbedonemustbeplantedCanbeput情态动词+be+过去分词情态动词情态动词1.WecallMr.SmithalivingLeiFeng.Mr.Smith_________alivingLeiFeng(byus).2.Tom’sfatherboughthimabook.He_____________abook(byhisfather)Abook_________him(byhisfather)2，双宾语的句子1）人作为被动句的主语2）物作为主语时，加to，forwasboughtiscalledwasboughttopass,show,send…此类动词有：buybeboughtfor如：givebegivento此类动词还有：draw，make,cook,mend3，感官动词(hear,see,watch,feel,notice等)和使役动词(let,makehave等)改为被动语态时,把to加在动词原形之前.Theymadetheboyswork12hoursaday.Theboysweremadetowork12hoursaday.Weoftenseehimgoforawalkbytheriver.Heisoftenseentogoforawalkbytheriver.4，动词短语变被动语态，后面的介词不能丢。takecareof→betakencareofcutdown→becutdownlaughat→belaughedatlookafter→belookedafter•Therainstopped.1，stop,是不及物动词，因此不能变为被动语态。happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,belongto,breakout(爆发）不用被动语态：2.连系动词不用被动语态。如：be,look,seem,feel,sound,smell,taste,get,turn,become…PekingOpera_______(sound)beautiful.sounds3.当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态。Thepen_________(write)veryfast.writesThiskindofsweater_______(sell)well.sells三、有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand……ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…1.---DidyougotoJim’sbirthdayparty?---No,I_____A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvited2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish______intotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrowBB3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork________.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone4.Wearetold________everywhere.It’sourdutytokeepourschoolclean.A.nottomakemuchnoiseB.tothrowwastepaperC.todrawD.nottospitAD5)Exercises:选择填空:1.Windows_____ofglass.A.bemadeB.ismadeC.aremadeD.beenmade2.Thehouse_____in2004.A.isbuiltB.isbuildingC.wasbuiltD.used3.Acoatcan_____forkeepingwarm.A.beusedB.isusedC.beenusedD.usedCCA•4.Watches____Shanghailastlong.A.aremadeinB.ismadeC.aremadefromD.made•5.Thisdeskismade_____wood.A.ofB.fromC.inD.by•6.Thethingsonshowwere____theolddays.A.usedB.usedtoC.usedforD.usedin•7.Silk_____inHangzhouandSuzhou.A.isproducedB.areproducedC.producedD.isproducesAADA1.---Whatdoyouthinkofthefootballmatchyesterday?---It’ssurprising.Thestrongestteam______.A.wasbeatenB.wonC.scoredD.wasfailed2.Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue______.A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvited3.Whatareonshowinthemuseum?Somephotos________byAfricanchildren.A.aretakenB.havebeentakenC.takenD.weretaken4.Theboy_____studyathomebyherlastSunday.AmadeBwasmadeCwasmadetoDmadeto中招模拟ADCC4.Thetreesmust_____threetimesaweek.A.waterB.iswateringC.bewateredD.waters5.Anothernewbuilding\____lastmonthnearmyschool.A.wasbuiltB.builtC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbuilt6.Anewbridge______overtherivernextyear.AisbuiltBwillbuildCwillbebuiltDwillbuilt7.TVandradioprogrames_____theothersideoftheworldwiththehelpofthesatellites.AcansendtoBcansendonCcanbesenttoDcanbesentonCACC3.Insummermeatandfruit__foralongtime.Acan’tbekeptBdoesn’tkeepCisnotkeptDisn’tkeeping4.Thesefilms______byyoungchildren.AshouldnotseenBshouldn’tbeseenCshouldbenotseenDshouldsee5.Thepieceofmusic_______great.AsoundsBsoundedCissoundedDissounding6.It_____inasmallvillagelastmonth.AhappenedBwashappenedChappenDhadhappenedABAA2.Ourclassroomshould_____cleanandtidy.AwaskeptBbekeptCiskeepDhavekept3.Noletter_____sinceyouleftforShanghai.AhavereceivedBhavebeenreceivedChadbeenreceivedDhasbeenreceived4.I’mafraidyoucan’tgoin.Theroom______.AispaintedBhaspaintedCisbeingpaintedDispainting6.Thegirl__singingwhenwep