1/20第五节动词考点精析动词是表示动作、存在、变化的词。从含义上来分,动词主要分为莲京动词、情态动词、助动词和行为动词(实义动词)四大类。一、xx系动词连系动词在小学阶段主要是be动词和五个常见的感官动词。1.be动词有很多形式:am,is,are;was,were。2.be动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。I用am,you用are,is用于“他、她、它”;复数全部都用are。3be动词可以和主语一起写成缩写。如:Iam=I'm,youare=you‟re,heis:he‟s,sheis=she's,theyare=they're等。但要注意,不是所有的主语都可以和be动词缩写,不能缩写的要特殊记忆。如:Thisis不能写成This's;Iamnot不能缩写成Iamn‟t。Yes后面的简略回答都不能缩写:Yes,heis.不能写成Yes,he's.Yes,weare.不能写成Yes,we're.等等。4.五个常见感官动词,见下表:类别感官动词联系动词2/20looksoundsmelltastefeel词义看起来听起来闻起来尝起来感到例句1.Themanlookshandsome.2.Itsoundsnice.3.Theteasmellsfresh.4.Howdoesittaste?5.Idon‟tfeelwelltoday.二、情态动词„情态动词有can(能),may(可以,也许),must(必须)等及其过去式could,might等,表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或态度。情态动词不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。1.特点:(1)没有人称和数的变化。(2)后面跟动词原形。3/20(3)肯定句变否定句时,直接在后面加not即可。(4)变一般疑问句时,置于句首。注意haveto在疑问句中的位置。Doyouhavetogoouttoday?你今天一定得出去吗?Doeshehavetofinishtheworktomorrow?他明天非做完这项工作不可吗?2.否定式情态动词和助动词一样,后面可直接跟否定词not。珊将情态动词的否定式及其否定式的简略式(简咯式用于口语中)列举如下:shallnot-shan‟twillnot-won'tcannot-can‟tmustnot-mustn'tshouldnot-shouldn‟twouldnot-wouldn'tcouldnot-couldn'tdarenot-daren'tneednot-needn't3.can的用法(1)表示能力、功能:能,会Theclassroomcanseatthirtystudents.这间教室能坐三十位学生。Jimcandrivenow.吉姆现在会开车了。(2)表示可能性:可能,可能会(3)表示允许、请求:可以4/20Youcan'ttakethebookoutoftheroom.你不可以将这本书拿出室外。CanIuseyourpencil?我可以用一下你的铅笔吗?(4)表示命令:必须Ifyouwon‟tkeepquietyoucangetout.你如不保持安静,就请你走。4.must的用法(1)表示必要、命令或强制:必须,得Youmustn'ttalklikethat.你可不能这样说话。Youmustdoasyouaretold.你必须遵嘱行事。Wemustbehomebyseven.我们必须在七点以前回家。(2)表示肯定的推测:一定Theboymustbeyourbrother.这男孩一定是你的兄弟。5.may的用法(1)表示可能陛:可能,也许Shemaybeanurse.她可能是个护士。(2)表示许可或请求许可:可以5/206.情态动词的区别区别在语气上。在这四个词语里may表示“可以”,它的语气最委婉,最有礼貌,通常请求时都用到may。如:MayIcamein?我能进来吗?can表示“能、会”,通常用来表示某人的能力,也可以用于请求的句子里,但语气没有may委婉。如:CanIhavesomenoodles?我能吃点面条吗?must表示“必须”,通常用在命令的语气里。如:Youmustcleanyourbedroomfirst.你必须先打扫卧室。should表示“得,要、该”表示说话者的态度,通常用于询问别人接下来该干什么。三、助动词助动词有shall,will,have,be,should,would,do等。它们只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式,以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。Hedoesn‟tspeakEnglish.他不说英语。Doyoulikeplayingfootball?你喜欢踢足球吗?四、行为动词行为动词也叫实义动词,表示动作或状态,有完整的意义,能在句子中独立作谓语。它分为及物动词(必须有宾语)和不及物动词(不需要宾语)。典例剖析例1请用am,is,are填空。l.You_____astudent.I_____ateacher.2.Theboys_____inthepark,butHenry_____athome.6/20分析:此题考查系动词的用法,注意主语的单、复数以及不同人称代词相对应的be的形式。答案:1.are,am2.are,is例2单项选择:What_____yourmotheroftendointheevening?A.doB.doesC.is分析:此题考查助动词的用法,由yourmother以及后面的实义动词do可知选B。答案:B例3请用所给动词的适当形式填空。She_____(like)herbrotherverymuch.分析:本节讲的动词的用法主要是随主语变化的形式,其他更多形式将在时态中考查。7/20答案:likes例4Whocanspellthisword?I_____.A.canB.doC.am分析:情态动词can在这表示能力,回答can疑问句时也用can或can‟t。答案:A易错题辨析例;请用适当的情态动词填空。2.Sorry,I_____dothismathproblem.3.You_____notcopyothershomework.Theteacheroftensays.4.Lily_____singverywell.5.What_____youdothen?错解:l.Must2.can8/203.can4.may5.can分析:熟悉情态动词区别就必须要读懂句子意思,再运用英语习惯用法就不难了。第1题是请求玩电脑游戏,语气委婉,用May。第2题表示能力,有Sorry可判断没有能力,所以用否定形式cannot。第3题语气强烈,不能抄袭作业,所以用must。第4题表示能力,用can。第5题询问别人接下来该干什么,所以用should。正解:1.May2.cannot3.must4.can5.should举一反三基础达标一、用am,is,are,be填空。l.This_____anapple.That_____abana.2.-How_you?-I_____fine,thanks.3.Thoseniceflowers.Thisyellowrose_____thebest.4.-_____youaworker?-Yes,I_____.9/205.Don't_____lateforschool.二、单项选择()l.Sixandrune_____fifteen.A.amB.isC.are()2.-_____mybestfriend,Lily.A.This'sB.ThisisC.Thisare()3.These_____notmypencils.They_____theirs.A.am;areB.is;areC.are;are()4.LiuLanandI_____inClass10/202.A.amB.isC.are()5.-_____youadoctor?-No,I_____.A.Are;aren'tB.ls;amn'tC.Are;amnot()6.Ican_____itandSamcan_____it,too.A.see;seeB.see;seesC.look;looks()7.--_____Ihaveanapple?-Yes,youcan.A.can11/20B.CanC.Must()8.Thechildren_____gohomenow.It'stoolate.A.canB.mustC.are()9.Lily_____dothiswork.Sheistooweak.A.can'tB.isn'tC.does()10.Sam,you_____sithere.It'sforwomenonly.A.aren'tB.can'tC.amnot()12/2011.-youusuallyplaysoccerafterschool?A.DoB.CanC.Are()12.It'stimetogohome.We_____gonow.A.areB.canC.must()13._____yougotothezoowithmetomorrow?A.DoB.WillC.Does()A.aren'tB.don't13/20C.didn't()15.What_____youseeinthepicture?A.canB.areC.is()16.-YousinganEnglishsong?-Yes,Ican.A.canB.CanC.Must()17.-_____IwatchTVforashorttime,mum?-No,youneedn't.A.MayB.AmC.Do三、从方框中选择恰当的词,使它们成为正确的动词短语。readbuypickclimbtakewatcheatgoplaylearnlookfeelsoundtastesmell14/201._____abook2._____gifts3._____photos4._____noodles5._____flowers6._____mountains7._____shopping8._____English9._____TV10._____football11._____smooth12._____agoodidea四、用所给词语的适当形式填空。1.Myaunt_____(do)houseworkathome.She_____(havenot)ajob.2.Myteacher_____(help)mewithmylessonslastnight.3.Heoften_____(do)homeworkand_____(watch)TVintheevening.4.1like_____(read)booksand_____(dance)afterschool.5.Let's_____(play)thepiano.6.Thosegirlsare_____(sing)now.7.Don't_____(play)intheclassroom.8.Heoften_____(watch)TVafterdinner.15/209.Mymother_____(notread)intheeveningeveryday.10.MyfriendandI_____(go)toschooleveryday.五、从B栏中找出A栏的答案。AB()1.Whatfruitdoyoulike?A.No,shedoesn't.()2.Wheredoeshego?B.No,I'mnot.()3.Howdoyougetthere?C.Ilikeapples.()4.Doesshelikeoranges?D.Bybike.()5.Areyousleeping?E.Hegoestoashop.能力达标六、将下列句子改为一般疑问句并根据要求回答。16/201.Mybrotherisinthebedroom.(作肯定回笞)___________________________2.Lilyisplayingwithherfriends.(作否定回答)____________