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名词(Noun)上海市金卫中学俞雪斌名词普通名词专有名词一、名词的分类boy,classTomTomisaboyinmyclass.专有名词4.人名:Joan（琼）,AlfredNobel,Mr.Smith1.国名、地名:Japan(日本）Africa（非洲）Paris（巴黎）3.星期:ThursdayFridaySaturdayWednesdayTuesdayMondaySunday2.月份:JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember专有名词7.由普通名词组成的专有名词:theGreatWall(长城）WorldWideWeb()(万维网）theUnitedStatesofAmerica(美利坚合众国)5.节日名:Christmas(圣诞节）NewYear’sDay(元旦）6.称呼：Grandpa(爷爷）Uncle(叔叔）Miss(小姐)…二、名词的数规则变化单数复数规则boyboysclassclassespotatopotatoescityladycitiesladiesshelfknifeshelvesknives可数名词复数形式的构成直接加‘s’以‘s,x,sh,ch’结尾的加‘es’以‘o’结尾，有生命的加‘es’以辅音字母加‘y’结尾的，把‘y’改成‘i’再加‘es’以‘f,fe’结尾的，把‘f,fe’改成‘v’再加‘es’二、名词的数：photo—radio—piano---potato—tomato—hero—potatoestomatoesphotosradiospianos以‘o’结尾，无生命的加‘s’写出下列单词的复数形式heroesroof---chief---roofschiefs特殊情况二、名词的数不规则变化单数复数规则manwomenFrenchmanmenwomenFrenchmenfoottoothfeetteethchildmousechildrenmicefishsheepJapanesefishsheepJapanese可数名词复数形式的构成把man改成men‘oo’改成‘ee’单复数同形特殊情况agirlstudent—twoaboystudent--fiveawomandoctor—twoamanteacher---sixgirlstudentsboystudentswomendoctorsmenteachers以girl和boy与其他名词连用时，复数时girl和boy不改变形式；以man和woman与其他名词连用时，复数时两者都改。German---human---Germanshumans【中考真题】Fillintheblankswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms：1.Boardgamesaremoreandmorepopularamong___________.(teenager)(2012)2.Thestreetnearmyhouseisalwayscrowdedwithcarsand______.(bus)(2007)3.Theyboughtsome__________atthesupermarketyesterday.(potato)(2008)4.Joannareceivedmany________whengraduatingfrommiddleschool.(gift)(2010)teenagersbusespotatoesgifts熟记《考纲》中重要的不可数名词：advice,information,furniture,weather,water,milk,traffic,homework,creamhousework,knowledge,money,news,paper有些不可数名词前面有形容词修饰时,前面要加上不定冠词a或anaheavysnow/rainarichbreakfast/lunch/supperagood/great/wonderfultimeagreathelpahappylife既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词,如：glass（玻璃）glasses（玻璃杯）time（时间）times（次数）paper（纸）papers（试卷，报纸，论文）exercise（锻炼）exercises（练习）room（空间）rooms（房间）experience(经验）experiences（经历）work（工作）works(作品）fish(鱼肉）fish（鱼）chicken(鸡肉）chickens(小鸡）三、可数和不可数名词前表示不定数和量的限定词组：1.共用的：some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,abottleof(abagof….)2.只修饰可数名词的：apairof,agroupof,few,afew,acoupleof,alargenumberof,many3.只修饰不可数名词的：hugeamountsof,much,little,alittle三、可数名词的数量表达一条牛仔裤apairofjeans几个亲戚afewrelatives几台电脑somecomputers许多记者alotof/lotsofreporters大量的乘客alargenumberofpassengers不可数名词的数量表达充足的牛奶plentyofmilk大量的信息hugeamountsofinformation一点食物alittlefood一条忠告apieceofadvice许多钱muchmoney许多时间muchtime【中考真题】()1.Linda,I’veboughtmany______.Nowlet’smakethebirthdaycake.(2003)A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfood.D.ricedumplings()2.I’veread_______sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.(2005)A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof()3.Wehaven’tgotmuch_______forourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?(2007)A.appleB.tomatoC.breadD.biscuitADC【中考真题】()4.______engineersandworkersarehelpingtorebuildthedamagedcity.(2008)A.ManyB.MuchC.AlittleD.Alot()5.Youcangetmuch_____abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.(2010)A.mapB.pictureC.ticketD.information()6.Theoldmanusedtoraisemany_________tomakealivingonthefarm.(2011)A.duckB.horseC.birdD.sheep()7.Thestudentsdidn’tfindmuch______aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.(2013)A.reportB.articleC.informationD.storyADDC名词所有格1.表示有生命名词的所有格，单数通常在词尾加’s，复数加’构成。如：Alice’sbirthday,JohnandBetty’sparentsMother’sDaytheteachers’office,2.表示时间、距离、城市、国家和量度等无生命的名词，所有格加’s；twentyminutes’walk,today’snewspaper,NewYear’sDay,twohours’talk名词所有格3.表示无生命的名词所有格用of短语thefrontdooroftheCityHallamapofChinathewindowsoftheclassroom4.双重所有格：of+名词性物主代词和of+名词所有格afriendofminearelativeofKitty’sacousinofmyfather’sahouseoftheirs比较：atwenty-minutewalkafive-year-oldboyatwo-daytrip5.不用’s和of表示thekeytothedoorthesolutiontotheproblemtheanswertothequestiontheticketforthefilm【同步精炼】()1.Benisafriendof_________.A)mybrotherB)brothersC)mybrother’sD)me()2.Thisroomis________，it’snotours.A)Tom’sandJack’sB)TomandJackC)Tom’sandJackD)TomandJack’s()3.It’sonly_______frommyhometotheschool.A)tenminute’swalkB)tenminutes’walkC)tenminutesofwalkD)ten-minutewalkCDB