今天在看《苏菲的世界》时发现有些怪~~结果在网上查了一下~有被删节的部分~——————————————————————————Itallsoundswonderful,butwhatactuallyhappened?Wastherearevolution?Yesandno.Today,economistscanestablishthatMarxwasmistakenonanumberofvitalissues,notleasthisanalysisofthecrisesofcapitalism.Andhepaidinsufficientattentiontotheplunderingofthenaturalenvironment--theseriousconsequencesofwhichweareexperiencingtoday.Nevertheless...Nevertheless?Marxismledtogreatupheavals.Thereisnodoubtthatsocialismhaslargelysucceededincombatinganinhumanesociety.InEurope,atanyrate,weliveinasocietywithmorejustice--andmoresolidarity--thanMarxdid.ThisisnotleastduetoMarxhimselfandtheentiresocialistmovement.Whathappened?AfterMarx,thesocialistmovementsplitintotwomainstreams,SocialDemocracyandLeninism.SocialDemocracy,whichhasstoodforagradualandpeacefulpathinthedirectionofsocialism,wasWesternEuropesway.Wemightcallthistheslowrevolution.Leninism,whichretainedMarxsbeiefthatrevolutionwastheonlywaytocombattheoldclasssociety,hadgreatinfluenceinEasternEurope,Asia,andAfrica.Eachintheirownway,bothmovementshavefoughtagainsthardshipandoppression.Butdidntitcreateanewformofoppression?ForexampleinRussiaandEasternEurope?Nodoubtofthat,andhereagainweseethateverythingmantouchesbecomesamixtureofgoodandevil.Ontheotherhand,itwouldbeunreasonabletoblameMarxforthenegativefactorsintheso-calledsocialistcountriesfiftyorahundredyearsafterhisdeath.Butmaybehehadgiventoolittlethoughttothepeoplewhowouldbetheadministratorsofcommunistsociety.Therewillprobablyneverbeapromisedland.Mankindwillalwayscreatenewproblemstofightabout.Imsureitwill.AndtherewebringdownthecurtainonMarx,Sophie.Hey,waitaminute!Didntyousaysomethingaboutjusticeonlyexistingamongequals?No,itwasScroogewhosaidthat.Howdoyouknowwhathesaid?Ohwell--youandIhavethesameauthor.Inactualfactwearemorecloselylinkedtoeachotherthanwewouldappeartothecasualobserver.Yourwretchedironyagain!Double,Sophie,thatwasdoubleirony.Butbacktojustice.YousaidthatMarxthoughtcapitalismwasanunjustformofsociety.Howwouldyoudefineajustsociety?AmoralphilosophercalledJohnRawlsattemptedtosaysomethingaboutitwiththefollowingexample:Imagineyouwereamemberofadistinguishedcouncilwhosetaskitwastomakeallthelawsforafuturesociety.Iwouldntmindatallbeingonthatcouncil.Theyareobligedtoconsiderabsolutelyeverydetail,becauseassoonastheyreachanagreement--andeverybodyhassignedthelaws--theywillalldropdead.Oh...Buttheywillimmediatelycometolifeagaininthesocietytheyhavelegislatedfor.Thepointisthattheyhavenoideawhichpositiontheywillhaveinsociety.Ah,Isee.Thatsocietywouldbeajustsociety.Itwouldhavearisenamongequals.Menandwomen!Thatgoeswithoutsaying.Noneofthemknewwhethertheywouldwakeupasmenorwomen.Sincetheoddsarefifty-fifty,societywouldbejustasattractiveforwomenasformen.Itsoundspromising.Sotellme,wastheEuropeofKarlMarxasocietylikethat?Absolutelynot!Butdoyoubyanychanceknowofsuchasocietytoday?Hm...thatsagoodquestion.Thinkaboutit.ButfornowtherewillbenomoreaboutMarx.Excuseme?Nextchapter!翻译:“这听起来很棒,但究竟发生了什么事?有一个革命吗?”“是的,今天,经济学家可以证明马克思是错误的对一些重要问题,至少他分析资本主义的危机。他重视不够掠夺自然环境的严重后果——我们今天所经历的。然而。”“不过呢?”“马克思主义的LED大动荡。毫无疑问,社会主义已经很大程度上成功地打击不人道的社会。在欧洲,无论如何,我们生活在一个社会更加公正、更加团结————马克思。这不仅是由于马克思本人和整个的社会主义运动。”出什么事了。“马克思以后,社会主义运动分裂成两个主要流,社会民主和列宁主义。社会民主,它代表一条渐进、和平通向社会主义的道路,是西欧的方式。我们可以称之为缓慢的革命。马克思列宁主义,保留暴力革命是传统阶级社会斗争的唯一方式,在东欧,亚洲和非洲的影响很大。各以自己的方式,这两个运动反抗苦难和压迫。”“但没有创建一个新的压迫形式?例如在俄罗斯和东欧?”“毫无疑问,在这里,我们再次看到这一切的人接触是善与恶的混合体。另一方面,它是不合理的抱怨马克思在所谓的社会主义国家五十年或一百年后,他的死亡的消极因素。但也许他思考的太少了的人将是共产主义社会的管理者。有可能不会应许之地。人类将永远创造吵的新问题。”“我肯定会的。”“我们结束了马克思,索菲。”“嘿,等一下!是不是说只有在平等正义存在的东西?”“不,这是他谁说的。”“你怎么知道他说了什么?”“哦——你和我有同样的作者。事实上,我们更紧密地相互关联的比我们似乎漫不经心的观察者。”“你的可怜的讽刺了!”“双,索菲,这是双重讽刺。”“回到公正。你说马克思认为资本主义是一种不公正的社会制度。你如何定义一个公正的社会?”“一个道德哲学家约翰罗尔斯试图说一些关于它与下面的例子:假设你是一位杰出的委员会,其任务是对未来社会所有成员的法律。”“我wouldnt介意在委员会。”“他们必须完全考虑每一个细节,因为一旦他们达成一项协议——每个人都签署了法律——他们都会死。”哦。”“但他们将立即复活他们制定法律的社会中。问题是他们不知道他们会在社会中的位置。”“啊,我明白了。”“社会将是一个公正的社会。它能建立在平等的。”“男人和女人!”那用不着说了。不知道他们是否会醒来的男人或女人。因为赔率是五零五零,社会将是有吸引力的女性为男性。”“听起来很有前途的。”“那么告诉我,是卡尔马克思那样一个社会的欧洲?”绝对不是。“但是你碰巧知道这样的社会呢?”“陛下…这是个好问题。”思考。但现在不会有更多的关于马克思的。”“什么?”下一章!”英文原文:Itallsoundswonderful,butwhatactuallyhappened?Wastherearevolution?Yesandno.Today,economistscanestablishthatMarxwasmistakenonanumberofvitalissues,notleasthisanalysisofthecrisesofcapitalism.Andhepaidinsufficientattentiontotheplunderingofthenaturalenvironment--theseriousconsequencesofwhichweareexperiencingtoday.Nevertheless...Nevertheless?Marxismledtogreatupheavals.Thereisnodoubtthatsocialismhaslargelysucceededincombatinganinhumanesociety.InEurope,atanyrate,weliveinasocietywithmorejustice--andmoresolidarity--thanMarxdid.ThisisnotleastduetoMarxhimselfandtheentiresocialistmovement.Whathappened?AfterMarx,thesocialistmovementsplitintotwomainstreams,SocialDemocracyandLeninism.SocialDemocracy,whichhasstoodforagradualandpeacefulpathinthedirectionofsocialism,wasWesternEuropesway.Wemightcallthistheslowrevolution.Leninism,whichretainedMarxsbeiefthatrevolutionwastheonlywaytocombattheoldclasssociety,hadgreatinfluenceinEasternEurope,Asia,andAfrica.Eachintheirownway,bothmovementshavefoughtagainsthardshipandoppression.Butdidnt