V-ed作状语•1意义及位置•过去分词作状语,修饰谓语动词,进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。表示被动或完成的动作。多放在句首,也可以放在句中句末。•2用法•表示时间,地点,原因,条件,让步,伴随等状语,可以转化为相应的状语从句。•Eg1)Seen(=whenitisseen)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.----时间状从•2)Deeplymoved(=Becausehewasdeeplymoved)byhiswords,Tomagreedtogowithhim.---原因状从•3)Given(=IfIweregiven)moretime,Iwoulddothejobmuchbetter.---条件状从•4)Encouraged(=Althoughheisencouraged)byhisparents,hestilllacksconfidence.----让步状从•5)表示方式或伴随情况,如果有连词as或asif,转化为as或asif引导的方式状从;•Don’taskwhy;justdoastold(=youaretold)•若无连词,则转化为并列句•Hearingthenews,heturnedaway,disappointed.(=andhewasdisappointed)•3过去分词与句子主语之间的关系•过去分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致,过去分词与句子主语通常存在逻辑上的动宾关系•有些过去分词或短语来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而是表示主语的状态。•如lost,seated,hidden,lostin,dressedin,facedwith,absorbedin•4从属连词+过去分词•过去分词作状语时,可在分词之前加上某些从属连词,表示强调。常用的有if,unless,when,asif,once,evenif,asthough.•此结构实际是状语从句的省略。当状从的主语和句子的主语保持一致,而且状从的谓语动词是被动时,可以省略从句的主语和动词be.•Eg①Generallyspeaking,whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.•②Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingon•thethinice.•③Iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited.注意•1过去分词表示逻辑上的动宾关系,•现在分词表示逻辑上的主谓关系。•Seenfromthetower,ourcitylooksmorebeautiful.•Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecangetawonderfulviewofourcity.•2过去分词短语作状语,分词的逻辑主语与句子保持一致。•EgFinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.•更正①Theirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.•②Havingfinishedtheirhomework,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.•③Afterthechildrenfinishedtheirhomework,theywentouttoplayfootball.•④withtheirhomeworkfinished,thechildrenwentouttoplayfootball.ו3有些含有分词短语的固定插入语,其逻辑主语不要求与句子主语一致。这类词常见的有,judgingfrom(根据……来判断)generally/frankly/exactlyspeaking(一般来说,坦率的说,确切地说),considering/taking……intoconsideration(考虑到),including(包括),provided/providing(如果)•Judgingfromhisappearance,heisawealthyman.从外表判断他是一位富翁。•Generallyspeaking,themoreyoupay,themoreyouget.•一般来说,付出的越多,得到的就越多。