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1.Thesourcesofinternationaleconomiclaw1)Internationaleconomictreaties2)InternationalBusinessPractices3)ThenormativeresolutionsoftheUNGeneralAssembly4)Nationallegislation2.ConclusionofaninternationalcontractforsaleofgoodsInternationalSaleofGoodsistheagreementsbetweentheparties.Itisconcludedbyoneparty’sofferandtheotherparty’sacceptance.Moreoftenacontractcouldn’treachaftertheoffer,thepartyoftenmakescounter-offer,afterrepeatedconsultations,thetwosidesreachedconsensusandthecontractcouldbesustained.Intheconsultationprocess,theofferandacceptancearetwoimportantlegalsteps.UnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods1980carriedoutinarticles14-24ofthisprovision.1.OfferAnoffer(要约)isaproposalbyonepersontoanotherindicatinganintentiontoenterintoacontractunderspecifiedterms.InthewordsoftheRestatementSecondofContracts24,anoffermustbeamanifestationofwillingnesstoenterin-toabargain,somadeastojustifyanotherpersoninunderstandingthathisassenttothatbargainisinvitedandwillconcludeit.Thus,thefirstelementofanofferisamanifestationofanintentiontobepresentlyboundsubjectonlytoanappropriateacceptance.1)Conditionsconstituteanoffer.Aproposalforconcludingacontractaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsconstitutesanofferifitissufficientlydefiniteandindicatestheintentionoftheofferortobeboundincaseofacceptance.Aproposalissufficientlydefiniteifitindicatesthegoodsandexpresslyorimplicitlyfixesormakesprovisionfordeterminingthequantityandtheprice.Anofferbecomeseffectivewhenitreachestheofferee.Aproposalotherthanoneaddressedtooneormorespecificpersonsistobeconsideredmerelyasaninvitationtomakeoffers,unlessthecontraryisclearlyindicatedbythepersonmakingtheproposal.2)Withdrawandrevoketheoffer.Anoffer,evenifitisirrevocable,maybewithdrawnifthewithdrawalreachestheoffereebeforeoratthesametimeastheoffer.Untilacontractisconcludedanoffermayberevokediftherevocationreachestheoffereebeforehehasdispatchedanacceptance.However,anoffercannotberevoked:(a)ifitindicates,whetherbystatingafixedtimeforacceptanceorotherwise,thatitisirrevocable;or(b)ifitwasreasonablefortheoffereetorelyontheofferasbeingirrevocableandtheoffereehasactedinrelianceontheoffer.3)Lapseofoffer.Afterthelapseoftheoffer,boththeofferorandtheoffereearenolongerboundbytheoffer.Lapseduemainlytothefollowingsituations(i)theofferhasexpiredduetotimepassing,thatis,theoffereedidn’tacceptinthespecifiedperiod.(ii)Therevocationoftheofferbytheofferor.(iii)Theofferor'srefusaltoofferduetolapse.Arefusalbytheofferormaybeexpressoritcanbeimplied,aimpliedrejectionismanifestedismanifestedmainlychangesinthecontentsoftheoriginaloffer.Changesfortheofferarecalledcounter-offer.2.AcceptanceAcontractisn'tformeduntiltheofferisacceptedbytheofferee.Theacceptance(接受)istheofferee'smanifestationoftheintentiontobeboundtothetermsoftheoffer.Inalllegalsystems,theoffereemayacceptatanytimeuntiltheofferisrevokedbytheofferor,untiltheofferexpiresduetothepassageoftime,untilitisrejectedbytheofferee,untiltheoffereemakesacounteroffer,oruntilterminationinsomeothermanner.UndertheCISG,anacceptancemaytaketheformofastatementoranyotherconductbytheoffereethatindicatestheofferee'sintentiontobeboundtothecontract.1)RequirementsofAcceptance(i)Anacceptancemustbemadebytheofferee.Astatementmadebyorotherconductoftheoffereeindicatingassenttoanofferisanacceptance.Silenceorinactivitydoesnotinitselfamounttoacceptance.However,if,byvirtueoftheofferorasaresultofpracticeswhichthepartieshaveestablishedbetweenthemselvesorofusage,theoffereemayindicateassentbyperforminganact,suchasonerelatingtothedispatchofthegoodsorpaymentoftheprice,withoutnoticetotheofferor,theacceptanceiseffectiveatthemomenttheactisperformed,providedthattheactisperformedwithintheperiodoftimelaiddownintheprecedingparagraph.(ii)Anacceptancemustbemadewithintheperiodofvalidity.(Lateacceptanceisacounterofferonly)Alateacceptanceisneverthelesseffectiveasanacceptanceifwithoutdelaytheofferororallysoinformstheoffereeordispatchesanoticetothateffect.Ifaletterorotherwritingcontainingalateacceptanceshowsthatithasbeensentinsuchcircumstancesthatifitstransmissionhadbeennormalitwouldhavereachedtheofferorinduetime,thelateacceptanceiseffectiveasanacceptanceunless,withoutdelay,theofferororallyinformstheoffereethatheconsidershisofferashavinglapsedordispatchesanoticetothateffect.(iii)Anacceptancemustmatchthetermsoftheofferexactlyandunequivocally.Otherwiseitisconsideredacounterofferandthusarejectionoftheoriginaloffer.Areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditions,limitationsorothermodificationsisarejectionoftheofferandconstitutesacounter-offer.However,areplytoanofferwhichpurportstobeanacceptancebutcontainsadditionalordifferenttermswhichdonotmateriallyalterthetermsoftheofferconstitutesanacceptance,unlesstheofferor,withoutunduedelay,objectsorallytothediscrepancyordispatchesanoticetothateffect.Ifhedoesnotsoobject,thetermsofthecontractarethetermsoftheofferwiththemodificationscontainedintheacceptance.Additionalordifferenttermsrelating,amongotherthings,totheprice,payment,qualityandquantityofthegoods,placeandt