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2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybearesounding“yes!”1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants’susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat’susually14withstress,”notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty.”Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone”18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.1[A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite2[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3[A]view[B]host[C]lesson[D]choice4[A]avoid[B]forget[C]recall[D]keep5[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7[A]devoted[B]attracted[C]lost[D]exposed8[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out9[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10[A]served[B]restored[C]explained[D]required11[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests13[A]highlighted[B]increased[C]controlled[D]minimized14[A]presented[B]equipped[C]associated[D]compared15[A]assess[B]generate[C]moderate[D]record16[A]inthenameof[B]intheformof[C]inthefaceof[D]inthewayof17[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return18[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until19[A]remains[B]emerges[C]vanishes[D]decreases20[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。除了能帮助你感到和自己在乎的人关系亲密之外，事实证明拥抱还可以给你的身心健康带来许多好处。不管你信不信，温暖的拥抱在冬天可以帮助你避免生病。最近，宾夕法尼亚州卡耐基梅隆大学的研究人员对超过400名健康成年人进行了研究。他们在让这些实验对象接触感冒病毒后，检测了“感觉到社会支持”和“受到别人拥抱”这两点对他们患上常见感冒的敏感性的影响。感觉到更多社会支持的人更不容易患感冒，研究人员推算出，这种对健康的有益影响，大约有32%是由拥抱所产生的减压效果所带来的。甚至在已经患上感冒的人群中，感觉得到更多社会支持和频繁得到拥抱的人的症状也更轻。“拥抱可以保护那些处于压力之下的人免受与压力有关的、愈发增加的感冒的风险，”来自卡内基大学的心理学教授谢尔登·科恩观察道。拥抱“能制造亲密，也能帮助产生面对困难时，有人来帮助你的感觉。”一些专家将拥抱所产生的减缓压力的健康好处归因于拥抱所释放的催生素，其通常被称为“结合激素”，因为它能促进依附关系，包括母亲与新生婴儿之间的依附关系。催生素主要产生在大脑的中低部，其有一部分会被释放进血液里。但还有一部分会留在大脑里，影响人们的情绪、行为及生理。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans’economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago’sO’HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisks,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck’sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinanc