英语国际音标与语音速英语国际音标简介•音素是语音的最小单位,一个音素就是一个音。48音素元音辅音•音标是用于标记读音的符号,也就是音素的书面符号。英语音标的作用相当于汉语的拼音。•国际音标是国际语音协会制定的一套语音符号。•26字母元音字母辅音字母•音标在标注字母或单词的读音时,音标外要用方括号[]或两条斜线∕∕括起来,以免与单词或字母混淆。•元音是指发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔时,不受任何阻碍,同时声带振动。英语中的元音共有20个。•辅音是指发音时,气流从肺部压出来后,通过口腔或鼻腔时受到各发音器官的阻碍,如受到唇、齿、舌、咽喉等的阻碍而形成的音。英语中的辅音音素按发音时声带是否振动可以分为11个清辅音和17个浊辅音。•清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。/ɪ/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬高,音短促。(2)双唇扁平,牙床半合,上下齿之间可放入一个小指尖。口腔肌肉松弛。★发音练习ⅰⅰⅰⅰⅰ//////////kisssitclipsixchips吻坐回形针六炸薯条////////////pigbigdigkidkickpick猪大的挖小孩子踢采摘ⅰⅰⅰⅰⅰⅰMilk/milk/牛奶hit/hit/打,击中minute/minit/分钟city/siti/城市fish/fiʃ/鱼hill/hil/小山window/windəʊ/窗happy/kæpi/快乐fit/fit/适合的thin/θin/瘦的rabbit/ræbit/兔子live/liv/居住Is/iz/是this/ðis/这个music/mju:zik/音乐his/hiz/他的fifteen/fifti:n/十五朗读下面的句子(1)Thisisapig.(2)Jimisasthinasapin.(3)Dickoftensitsonthehill.(4)Billlivesinthisvillage.(5)Itisapity,thiscityistoonoisy./i:/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部尽量抬高。(2)双唇扁平,牙床几乎半合。(3)这是长元音,发音时嘴角向旁伸,做微笑状,并要有一定的延长。★发音练习me[mi:]see[si:]sea[si:]meet[mi:t]heat[hi:t]need[ni:d]free[fri:]feel['fi:l]bee[bi:]We/wi:/我们me/mi:/我(宾格)she/ʃi:/她knee/ni:/膝盖We/wi:/我们Tree/tri:/树Chinese/tʃaini:z/Sheep/ʃi:p/羊three/θri:/三canteen/cænti:n/These/ði:z/这些朗读下面的句子(1)Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.(2)Whichwouldyoulike,blackteaorgreentea?(3)Canyouseethegreentree?(4)Thereisakeyontheseat.(5)Doyouliketoeatmeat?注意事项◆/ɪ/与/i:/发音的不同(1)这是两个不同的音素,/i:/不是/ɪ/的单纯加长。它们的发音口腔部位不完全相同。(2)发/ɪ/音时,口腔肌肉松弛;发/i:/时口腔肌肉紧张。(3)/ɪ/是短元音,发音短促;/i:/是长元音,发音细长。/e/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬高。(2)双唇中常,上下齿间可容下一食指,口腔肌肉松弛。★注意事项(1)发/e/音时,口不能张得太大。(2)要避免舌头随便移动,从而发成其他的双元音。★发音练习朗读下面的单词leg[leɡ]tell[tel]desk[desk]bed[bed]bread[bred]Leg/leg/腿egg/eg/鸡蛋Bed/bed/床desk/desk/桌子Pen/pen/笔elephant/elifənt/大象get/get/获得seven/sevən/七Yes/jes/是的eleven/ɪlevən/十一////////////bedbeltpetegglegdesk床腰带宠物蛋腿书桌朗读下面的句子(1)Itisnevertoolatetomend.(2)Hehasalreadypassedthetest.(3)Freshvegetablesaregoodforourhealth.(4)Somanymen,somanyminds.(5)Let’sgetreadyforthelesson./æ/★发音要诀(1)舌尖抵下齿,舌前部稍抬高,音短促。(2)双唇向两边平伸,成扁平形。上下齿间可容两指宽度。口腔肌肉松弛。★发音练习//////////adbadsaddadbag爸爸坏的伤心的广告书包////////batcatcapblack蝙蝠/球拍猫帽子黑色的p朗读下面的句子(1)Asamatteroffact,themanisfat.(2)Thecatcatchesafatrat.(3)Afatmanranafterablackcat.(4)Shehasablackbag.(5)Mackcomesbackverylate./ə/★注意事项/ə/不出现在重读音节中,在词首或词中时发音较模糊,在词尾时适当拖长。★发音练习ago[ə'ɡəu]panda['pændə]brother['brʌðə]sister['sistə]winter['wintə]river['rivə]breakfast[‘brekfəst]朗读下面的句子(1)Heryoungersisterisateacher.(2)Didyouforgetthefamouswriter’sname?(3)Aftersupper,hewenttovisithisyoungerbrother.(4)Thereisaneraserunderthecomputer.(5)Thesecondpicturedrewbymybrotherisverybeautiful/ɜ:/her[hə:]bird[bə:d]work[wə:k]shirt[ʃə:t]girl[ɡə:l]skirt[skə:t]•/Ə:n//nƏ:s//sƏ:v//hƏ:t//bƏ:d//tƏ:m//hƏ://sƏ://hƏ:d//Ə:n/朗读下面的句子(1)Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.(2)Therearethirteengirlsinthethirdpicture.(3)Pleaseturntopagethirtyandreadthefirstdialogue.(4)Thenurseinadirtyskirtisfeedingthebird.(5)Hehaswrittenthirtypoemsthisterm./ʌ/★注意事项发/ʌ/时,声音要短促,不能拖泥带水。★发音练习fun[fʌn]bus[bʌs]must[mʌst]cut[kʌt]luck[lʌk]sun[sʌn]son[sʌn]duck[dʌk]朗读下面的句子(1)Whatcolouristhisbus?(2)Hersonlovesnothingbutmoney.(3)It’sSunday,butyoumustgetupnow.(4)HercousincutherfingerlastMonday.(5)Hedoesn’thaveenoughmoney,butheisgoingtotakehismothertovisittheGreatWall./ɑ:/art[ɑ:t]hard[hɑ:d]star[stɑ:]card[kɑ:d]dark['dɑ:k]arm[ɑ:m]start[stɑ:t]朗读下面的句子(1)Thereisalargeparknearthefarm.(2)Afastcarpassedthroughthepark.(3)Herfatheriscountingthestarsinadarkhouse.(4)Hedidn’tpasstheexam,forit’sratherhard.(5)Herfartherputthecardintothebasket./ɒ/hot[hɔt]foxstop[stɔp]dognot[nɔt]potbox[bɔks]clocksorry['sɔri]what[wɔt]朗读下面的句子(1)Igotajobasapopsongsinger.(2)Barkingdogsdonotbite.(3)---What’sthis?---It’saclock.(4)Therearemanyhotdogsintheshop.(5)Thedogstoppedonthetopofthehill./ɔ:/door[dɔ:]law[lɔ:]call[kɔ:l]more[mɔ:]small[smɔ:l]story['stɔ:ri]tall[tɔ:l]朗读下面的句子(1)Lookbeforeyouleap.(2)It’swarmtoday.(3)Pleaseopenthedoor.(4)Georgesawadooronthewall.(5)Yourdaughterwhoistallhasboughtfourballs./ʊ/put[put]book[buk]good[ɡud]look[luk]cook[kuk]foot[fut]朗读下面的句子(1)Theclassroomisfullofbooks.(2)Sheisagood-lookingcook.(3)Moresugarshouldbeputinthecoffee.(4)Heislookingforagoodbook.(5)Isometimescookwithabooknearmyrightfoot./U:/shoe[ʃu:]food[fu:d]cool[ku:l]room[ru:m]noodle['nu:dl]•国际英文26个字母及发音音标•26个英文字母及发音音标如下:Aa[ei]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]•Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]•Gg[dʒi:]Hh[eitʃ]Ii[ai]•Jj[dʒei]Kk[kei]Ll[el]•Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[eu]•Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[a:]•Ss[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]•Vv[vi:]Ww[′dʌblju:]Xx[eks]•Yy[wai]Zz[zi:][zed]以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:1)含元音音素[ei]字母:AaHhJjKk音标:[ei][eitʃ][dʒei][kei]2)含元音音素[i:]字母:BbCcDdEeGgPpTtVv音标:[bi:][si:][di:][i:][di:][pi:][ti:][vi:]3)含元音音素[e]字母:FfLlMmNnSsXxZz音标:[ef][el][em][en][es][eks][zed]4)含元音音素[ju:]字母:UuQqWw音标:[ju:][kju:][`dblju:]5)含元音音素[ai]字母:IiYy音标:[ai][wai]/eɪ/make[meik]date[deit]data['deitə]cake[keik]wait[weit]name[neim]lake[leik]table['teibl]/aɪ/fly[flai]cry[krai]my[mai]kind[kaind]buy[bai]/ɔɪ/boy[bɔi]toy[tɔi]oil[ɔil]noise[nɔiz]voice[vɔis]/aʊ/out[aut]now[nau]how[hau]house[haus]mouth[mauθ]/əʊ/coat[kəut]cold[kəuld]boat[bəut]know[nəu]old[əuld]low[ləu]NogoSoOldHomeThoserose/ɪə/ear[iə]near[niə]clear[kliə]here[hiə]media['mi:diə]beer[biə]deer[diə]/eə/air[εə]