设备安全防护教育训练课件

MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS机械设备防护装置DepartmentforAdministrativeandInformationServicesWorkplaceServicesPreparedby:M.SallehIbrahimMSEDepartmentofB.ITech.目录•危险确认•风险评估•防护照类型•防护照设计•其他调节装置车间存在的主要危险运转的机器是最危险的４/５的车间灾祸和１/４的车间工伤和机械设备有关．MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS爆炸发生的情况包括以下几部分：操作的时候检测的时候加润滑油的时候维修的时候这些危险必须要排除,或者不能全排除的地方要尽量降到最低．MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS危险确认MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS危险确认•aHazard：可能引发伤亡的危险事物．•aRisk：引发伤亡的可能性,伤亡的严重性•你发现机械设备上哪些部分会导致危险？MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS认出这些危险危险区域最典型的,机器上的下面２个部分是很危险的,可能会危险到靠近机器的人员:1.移动或者传输能量的部分2.正在工作的部分MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS•皮带&滑轮•调速轮&齿轮•主轴•凸轮•链条&链齿轮危险区域1.移动或者传输能量的部分MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS•使用工具&模具•刀片•切割机•锯•钻孔机and卡盘•辊子危险区域2.正在工作的部分MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS要确定机器上的危险部分请看以下几点•剪切点•紧缩区域•冲击和压淬区域•缠绕区域•刺入点•切断区域•磨损区域•飞扬的颗粒•突出部分MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS认出这些危险•机器设备的接触或者卷入•陷入机器和固定物之间•与运动的物质接触•被机器里的物质喷出来而碰到•内部能量的释放MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS防护装置能控制的危险包括:风险评估MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS评定以下风险一旦你确定了这些危险区域(hazards),你应当估定这些危险(引发伤亡的可能性,而且伤亡的严重性)...通过防护措施控制这些危险或者通过别的有效方式完善如下制表确定每种认定危险的危险级别MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS危险性图表•如果你记下了1或2，现在就行动吧•如果你记下了3或4，马上行动吧•如果你记下了5或6，将来再复习这些危险点结果:人员伤亡的严重性?可能性:导致危险发生的可能是什么?悲惨的死亡，残废，永久性的伤害主要的值得注目的伤害，非永久性次要的只要第一时间救助，不会浪费工时非常有可能:危险会发生123可能:偶尔会发生234不太可能:可能会发生，但及其罕见345完全不太可能:可能会发生，尽管或许永远不会发生4561.Elimination2.Substitution3.Isolation4.EngineeringControls5.Administrativecontrols6.Personalprotectiveequipment控制这些危险SelectRiskControlmeasuresfromthehighestpossiblelevelofthefollowingHierarchy:MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSMakesuremachineguardsareinplace!!•allguardsshouldbecorrectlyandsecurelyfittedBEFOREoperatingamachine•machineguardingisvitaltoeveryworkplaceusingmachinery•guardsneednotbecomplicatednorinterferewithproductivityMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSTYPESOFGUARDSMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSSelectingaGuardThereareanumberofdifferenttypesofguards,allsuitedtoparticularpurposes.Youmustconsiderwhichtypeofguardisbestsuitedforyourneeds.MAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSFixedGuards•nomovingparts•protectonlywhenfixedinposition•shouldbeeasytoremoveandreplace•areonlyopenedorremovedwithatool•simple,lowmaintenance,oftenthecheapestformofguarding•mayinterferewithproduction/maintenanceMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSPedestalGrinderwithFixedandAdjustableGuardsMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSInterlockGuards•havemoveablepartsthatareinterconnectedwiththecontrolsystem•usuallyelectrical,mechanical,hydraulicorpneumaticinterconnections•machinerywillnotoperateunlessguardisclosed•lesslikelytoslowproduction•generallymoreexpensiveandrequiremorecheckingandmaintenanceMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSInterlockedGuardonDoughDividerMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSAutomaticGuards•automaticallymovesintopositionasthemachine,orcycle,isstarted•guardmovement/velocitymaycreateahazard•onlysuitableforslowermachinecyclespushawayguardsself-adjustingguards,etcMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSSelfAdjustingGuard-RadialArmSawMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSPushAwayGuard•permanent•simpleDistanceGuardsAfixedguardthatpreventsaccesstoadangerousareathroughabarrierorfenceMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSFixedandInterlockedBarrierFenceGuardPresence-sensingDevicesDetectthepresenceofaperson,orpartofaperson,inadefinedareaandpreventsthedangerouspartsofmachinerymovingwhiletheyareinthatarea•photo-electriclightcurtains•infra-redscanners•pressurematsMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSPresenceSensingLaserScannerMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSBarrierFenceCombinationofGuards-ManualLoadingRobotsMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSGUARDDESIGNMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSGuardDesign•theprimaryfunctionofaguardistoprovideaphysicalbarrierwhichpreventsaccesstodangerouspartsofamachine•poorlydesignedorinappropriateguardinghasoftencontributedtomachineryinjuriesMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS•designforeasyremovalandreplacement-makestaskssuchascleaning,machineadjustmentorbeltchangeseasier-particularlyifthisneedstobedoneregularly•guardscanonlyberemovedwiththeaidofatool•hingedguardsmustbeinterlocked•guardmaterialmustbeofagoodquality•gooddesignwillaiddustandnoisereductionGuardDesignMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSGuardErgonomics•Armreach850mm-underarmtofingertip•Elbowreach550mm-insideelbowtofingertip•Wristreach230mm-wristtotipofmiddlefinger•Verticalreach2500mm-floortodangerpoint•Fingerreach130mmReachMeasurements-designandpositionguardstorestrictaccesstodangerpointsasfollows:*distancesincludeanallowanceforclearancefromdangerpointsReachMinimumDistanceAssumedMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSGuardPlacement-15mm-120mm-200mm-1000mm*distancefromundersideofguardtothefloorshallnotexceed250mmSizeofmeshorotheropeninginguard•lessthan9mm•9to25mm•25to40mm•greaterthan40mmMinimumdistancebetweenguardanddangerpointMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSUseofMeshforGuardsMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSGUARDSFORCOMMONMACHINETYPESMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDS•cut-offsaws•millingmachines•frictioncutting•boringequipmentExposedRotationalCuttingFixedandmovingguardsshouldbefittedwhereappropriateMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSBridgeGuard-WoodPlanerMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSTopGuard-RipSawMAJORWORKPLACEHAZARDSRotatingShaftsandRollersFixedguardsarepreferredforrotatingshaftsandrollers,suchas:*mustprotectagainstlooseclothingandlonghairbecomingcaughtinrotatingshafts•couplings•spindles•fan-shafts•ironingrol