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英国Unit3第6题Whatkindofinstitution(部门istheHouseofLords（上议院）?Whatroledoseitplayin部门)部门（上议院）Britishgovernment?A:ItconsistsoftheLordsSpiritual(神职议员)whoaretheArchbishops(大主教)andmostprominent（杰出的、卓越的）bishops（主教）ofthechurchofEngland;andtheLordsTemporal(世俗议员)，whichreferstoeveryoneelse。②Theyinherited(继承)theseatfromtheirforefathersorbeenappointedbythesovereign（郡主、最高统治者）parliament议会）theyspeakandvote.In（asindividuals（个人）,notasrepresentatives（代表）ofthegreaterinterestsofthecountry.TheydonotreceivesalariesandmanydonotattendParliamentatall.unit53.Whatarethethreemainareasinnationaleconomies？DescribethedevelopmentofeachofthethreeareasintheUKeconomy.答案Nationaleconomiescanbebrokendownintothreemainareas,”primary”industries,suchasagriculture,fishing,andmining,”second-ary”industries,whichmanufacturecomplexgoodsfromthoseprimaryproducts;andtertiaryindustries.oftendescribedasservices,suchasbanking,insurance,tourism,andthesellingofgoods.Britain’sagriculturalsectorissmall（producing1.4%ofthenationalwealth）butefficient,producing58%oftheUK’sfoodneedswithonly2%ofitsworkforce.ThreequartersofBritain’slandisusedforagriculture.Withaboutaquarterofthatundercrops-wheatandbarleyarethetwocommonest.Therestisgrazingforanimals,includingcattle(bothdariyandbeef),Thefishingindustryprovides55%oftheUKdemandforfishSconishportslandthemajorityofthefishcaught.Inthesecondarysectoroftheeconomy.Manufacturingindustryremainsimportant,producing22%ofnationalwealth.Britishcompaniesareareactiveinallmajorfieldsofmanufacturingindustry,butareparticularlystronginpharmaceuticals(theBritishcompanyGlaxo-Wellcrmeisthebiggestdrugcompanyintheworld),chemicals([C]isthesecondlargestpaintmanufactureintheworld),aerospaceoveralltheUKindustryisthirdin（sizeintheworld）andfooddrink(Scotchwhiskybeingamajorexport).）unit71.(1)WhatarethepurposesoftheBritisheducationsystem?(2)Pleasecommentonthesepurposes.(3)WhatarethemainpurposesoftheChineseeducationsystem?(4)Arethereanydifferencesorsimilaritiesintheeducationofthetwonations?答：(1)ThepurposeoftheBritisheducationsystemistoteachchildrenpracticalskillsandsocializethem.(2)Childrenlearnpracticalskills,andtherulesandvaluestheyneedtobecomegoodcitizens,toparticipateinthecommunity,andtocontributetotheeconomicprosperityofanadvancedindustrialeconomy.(3)ThepurposeoftheChineseeducationistoprovidechildrenwithliteracyandtheotherbasicskillstheywillneedtobecomeactivemembersofsociety.(4)Inchina,peoplethinkschoolisjustaboutteachingchildrenwhatareoftencalled”thethreeR’s---“reading,writingand‘arithmetic”(reading,writingandarithmetic).2.HowdoestheBritisheducationreflectsocialclass?BritisheducationreflectthedeeperdivisionsinBritishsocietyinwhichsocialclassisstillveryimportant:classinequalitycanbeerasedorcontinuedaccordingtoeducationpolicy.What’smore,theenduringfeatureofBritisheducationisthecontinuingdebateoverhow“equal”educationalopportunityshouldbe.InBritish,theaccentyouspeakwith,theclothesyouwear,andtheschoolsyouattendareallmarkersthatidentifyyoursocialclass.Theschool(orcollege)tieisaclearmarkerofsocialclass.Evenoninformaloccasionsyouwillsometimesseemenwearingtheirschooltiesasbeltstoholduptheirtrousers–proudlydisplayingtheirattendanceatacertainschool.InBritain,whereyouareeducatedisveryimportanttoyoufuture.3whatarethemajorchangesthathavetakenplacesinceWorldwar2?IsBritisheducationmovingtowardsmoreprogressormoreequality?Pickupsomeexamplesfromthetexttoillustrateyourpoints.OthermajorchangestotheBritisheducationsystemwerecausedbyworldwarⅡ。Thistime,thenewsystemwouldemphasizeequality.Theresultwasthe1944EducationActwhichmadeentrytosecondaryschoolsanduniversities”meritocratic”.Childrenwouldbeabilitiestheydisplayed.Allchildrenweregiventherighttoafreesecondaryeducationandthemainconcernwastomakesuremorechildrenhadaccesstoagoodeducation.Inthe1960s,comprehensiveschoolswereintroducedalloverthecountry,whichendedthedivisionbetweengrammarschools----wherethemostacademicallycapablepupilsweresenttobepreparedforuniversity----andvocationalschoolwherelesssuccessfulpupilsweresenttolearnallowedtoletchildrencompeteforplaces.4.WhydoestheauthorsaythatuniversitiesinBritainhavebeenratherelitist?答：Moststudentswerefromthemiddleclasses,attendedgoodschools,performedwellintheirA-levelsandreceivedafully-fundedplaceinauniversity.Inrecentyears,greateffortshavebeenmadetoincreasethenumbersofandkindsofpeoplethatpursuehighereducation.AccessformaturestudentsandstudentswithouttraditionalA-levelqualificationsiswidening.5.(1)whatistheOpenUniversityinBritain?(2)Whatdoyouthinkofthissystem?(1)TheOpenUniversityoffersanon-traditionalrouteforpeopletotakeuniversitylevelcoursesandreceiveauniversitydegree.Peoplecanfollowuniversitycoursesthroughtextbooks,TVandradiobroadcasts,correspondence,videos,residentialschoolsandanetworkofstudycentre.(2)ItwastheOpenUniversitywhichprovidedtheinspirationforthefoundingofChina’sTVandRadioUniversity.澳大利亚上册15单元1.WhataretheuniquefeaturesoftheAustraliancontinent?答：Isolatedfromothermajorlandmasses,Australia’sdistinctivefloraandfaunaevolvedthroughitslongperiodasanislandcontinent.2Discussthesocial