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1被动语态被动语态的构成方式：be+过去分词，口语只也有用get/become+过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。如:Weoftenhelpthem.(主动)我们常帮助他们。Theyareoftenhelpedbyus.(被动)他们常被我们帮助。1、被动语态各时态的形式是由助动词be的各时态的形式加及物动词的过去分词构成。2、被动语态八种时态的用法例句:被动语态常用的八种时态的基本用法和主动语态各时态的各时态的基本用法相同，只是句中的主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者.如图：一般时态进行时态完成时态现在amisgivenareamisbeinggivenarehasbeengivenhave过去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill过去将来shouldbegivenwould3、在下列情况下，一般使用被动语态：（1）当不知道动作执行者是谁或没有必要提到动作执行者时，如：PaperwasfirstmadeinChina.（2）当强调或突出动作承受者的作用时，如：Thenewmachinewasinventedbya20-year-oldyoungworker.4、由主动语态转换为被动语态的几种句型：（1）将一个句子由主动语态转换为被动语态时，可按下列步骤进行：①先将主动结构的宾语改为被动结构的主语；②再将主动语态动词改为被动语态动词；由主动语态动词改为被动语态动词时，要注意被动语态动词中助动词be的各种形式变化，因为被动语态动词的不同人称和数是由助动词be不同的形式来表示的，如：Treesareplantedeveryspring.③最后在被动语态之后加介词by，并将主动结构的主语放在by之后（经常被省略），构成介词短语；（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。Myfriendgavemeaninterestingbookonmybirthday.2Aninterestingbookwasgiventome(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.Iwasgivenaninterestingbook(bymyfriend)onmybirthday.②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；宾补可以有下列几种情况：①宾补为动词不定式，如：Theyaskedhertosingasong.→Shewasaskedtosingasong.在动词make,see,hear,watch,notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被动语态里不能省，如：Tomwasseentocomeoutofthelab.②宾补为分词，如：Theyheardthemsingingatthetime.→Theywereheardsingingatthattime.③宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，如：Shekeptmebusyallthemorning.→Iwaskeptbusyallthemorning.如果主动语态中的谓语动词为短语动词，改为被动语态时，要注意不要遗漏短语中的介词或副词，以保持短语动词的完整性，勿要丢掉“尾巴”。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.④情态动词和begoingto、beto、besureto、usedto、haveto、hadbetter等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。如：TheymustfinishtheworkbeforeFriday.→TheworkmustbefinishedbeforeFriday.⑤常用被动句型：Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat…（2）主动形式表被动意义的几种情况。①所有的不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：comeup,runout（用完）,giveout（耗尽）,goout（熄灭）,comeout（出版）,cometolight,belongto,breakout,loseheart,dieout,own,have,possess,happen,occur等；②表示状态特征的连系动词如smell,taste,feel,sound,look,prove等用主动语态表示被动意义；Thefishsmellsgood.鱼闻起来香。③动词sell,write,read,open,lock,shut,wear,wash,keep,cook,cut,burn,run等与well,smoothly,easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动；Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.这种布易洗。Thesenovelswon’tsellwell.这些小说不畅销。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。④want,require,need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。⑤beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。6.Thiskindofwaterisn’tfittodrink.Thegirlisn’teasytogetalongwith.7.在“主语+be+形容词（forsb.）+todo”结构中，；8.在“主语+谓语+宾语（名词）+动词不定式todo（作定语修饰前面的名词，且为动宾关系；主语与todo为主谓关系时，todo用主动形式；如：Ihaveameetingtoattend.另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。（4）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：Thebookwassoldbyacertainbookstore.(被动语态)Thebikewasbroken.(系表结构)①beseated坐着Heisseatedonabench.（Heseatshimselfonabench.）坐在凳子上。②behidden躲藏3Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在门后。③belost迷路④bedrunk喝醉⑤bedressed穿着Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.【各个击破】1.------Itookaphotoofyoujustnow.-----Really?I_______withattention.A.didn’tlookB.wasn’tlookingC.amnotlookingD.haven’tlooked2.------Youhaven’tsaidawordaboutmynewhair-style.Whatdoyouthinkofit?-----I’msorryI_______anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit’spretty.A.don’tsayB.wasn’tsayingC.didn’tsayD.haven’tsaid3.------CanIhelpyou,Madam?-------No,thanks.I__________________.A.havejustlookedaroundB.justlookaroundC.amjustlookingaroundD.justlookedaround4.------Thatfamouscherrytrees_________becauseofpollution.-----Yes,wehavetodosomethingtosaveit.A.hasdiedB.haddiedC.isdeadD.isdying5.Sheoughttostopreading;shehasaheadachebecauseshe_______toolong.A.hadreadB.readC.isreadingD.hasbeenreading6.------You’retalkingtoomuch.-------Onlyathome.Noone______mebutyou.A.ishearingB.hadheardC.hearsD.heard7.-------Whathaveyoubeendoing?Iaskedyouaquestion.Whydidn’tyouanswer?-------Sorry,I___________tothenewsontheradio.A.listenedB.havelistenedC.waslisteningD.hadlistened8.-------Youshouldhavetoldhimthedateearlier.-------I_______,butheforgotaboutit.A.didB.haveC.hadD.shouldhave9.------YoucouldhaveaskedTomforhelp,forheisgoodatphysics.-----Really?Oh,awholenight__________.Whydidn’tyoutellmeearlier?A.iswastedB.waswastedC.hadwastedD.haswasted10.Thethieftriedtobreakawayfromthepolicemanwho__________himbutfailed.A.heldB.hadheldC.wouldholdD.washolding11.You_________exercisesatyourdesk!Whynottakesomeexercise?A.alwaysdoB.arealwaysdoingC.havealwaysdoneD.havealwaysbeendoing12.----Whatwereyouuptowhenshedroppedin?----I____forawhileand____somereading.A.wasplaying;wasgoingtodoB.played;didC.hadplayed;wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed;did14.-----DidyouseeMartyinthemanager’soffice?-----Yes,he______bythemanager.A.isquestionedB.wasbeingquestionedC.hadbeenquestionedD.wasquestioned15.Lookatthis!I_______somemagazinesand_______thiscard!A.waslookingthrough;foundB.amlookingthrough;hadfoundC.lookedthrough;hadfoundD.hadlookedthrough;finding416.------Tom’swifetooktheplaceofhimtoattendtheconference.-------IwouldratherTom_______there,nothiswife.A.hadbeenB.havebeenC.wasD.went17.-------Listen!------I_______butI_________anythingatall.A.listened;haveheardB.havelistened;hearC.waslistening;wasn’thearingD.amlistening;don’thear18.Theshopa