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人之初性本善性相近习相远Menattheirbirth,arenaturallygood.Theirnaturesaremuchthesame;theirhabitsbecomewidelydifferent.苟不教性乃迁教之道贵以专Iffollishlythereisnoteaching,thenaturewilldeteriorate.Therightwayinteaching,istoattachtheutmostimportanceinthoroughness.昔孟母择邻处子不学断机杼Ofold,themotherofMenciuschoseaneighbourhoodandwhenherchildwouldnotlearn,shebroketheshuttlefromtheloom.窦燕山有义方教五子名俱扬TouoftheSwallowHillshadtherightmethod.Hetaughtfivesons,eachofwhomraisedthefamilyreputation.养不教父之过教不严师之惰Tofeedwithoutteaching,isthefather'sfault.Toteachwithoutseverity,istheteacher'slaziness.子不学非所宜幼不学老何为Ifthechilddoesnotlearn,thisisnotasitshouldbe.Ifhedoesnotlearnwhileyoung,whatwillhebewhenold?玉不琢不成器人不学不知义Ifjadeisnotpolished,itcannotbecomeathingofuse.Ifamandoesnotlearn,hecannotknowhisdutytowardshisneighbor.为人子方少时亲师友习礼仪Hewhoisthesonofaman,whenheisyoung,shouldattachhimselftohisteachersandfriends;andpracticeceremonialusages.香九龄能温席孝於亲所当执Hsiang,atnineyearsofage,couldwarmhisparent'sbed.Filialpietytowardsparentsisthattowhichweshouldholdfast.融四岁能让梨弟於长宜先知Jung,atfouryearsofage,couldyieldthe(bigger)pears.Tobehaveasayoungerbrothertowardselders,isoneofthefirstthingstoknow.首孝弟次见闻知某数识某文Beginwithfilialpietyandfraternallove,andthenseeandhear.Learntocount,andlearntoread.一而十十而百百而千千而万Unitsandtens,thentensandhundreds,hundredsandthousands,thousandsandthentensofthousands.三才者天地人三光者日月星Thethreeforcesareheaven,earthandman.Thethreeluminariesarethesun,themoonandthestars.三纲者君臣义父子亲夫妇顺Thethreebondsaretheobligationbetweensovereignandsubject,thelovebetweenfatherandchild,theharmonybetweenhusbandandwife.曰春夏曰秋冬此四时运不穷Wespeakofspringandsummer;wespeakofautumnandwinter.Thesefourseasons,revolvewithoutceasing.曰南北曰西东此四方应乎中WespeakofNorthandSouth,wespeakofEastandWest,Thesefourpoints,respondtotherequirementsofthecentre.曰火水木金土此五行本乎数Wespeakofwater,fire,wood,metalandearth.Thesefiveelementshavetheirorigininnumber.曰仁义礼智信此五常不容紊Wespeakofcharity,ofdutytowardsoneneighbor,ofpropriety,ofwisdom,andoftruth.Thesefivevirtuesadmitofnocompromise.稻粱菽麦黍稷此六谷人所食Rice,spike,millet,pulsewheat,glutinousmilletandcommonmillet,thesesixgrainsarethosewhichmeneat.马牛羊鸡犬豕此六畜人所饲Thehorse,theox,thesheep,thefowl,thedog,thepig,thesesixanimalsarethosewhichmenkeep.曰喜怒曰哀惧爱恶欲七情具Wespeakofjoy,ofanger;wespeakofpity,offear,oflove,ofhateandofdesire.Thesearethesevenpassions.匏土革木石金与丝竹乃八音Theground,earthenware,skinwood,stonemetal,silkandbamboo,yieldtheeightmusicalsounds.高曾祖父而身身而子子而孙Greatgreatgrandfather,greatgrandfather,grandfather,fatherandself,selfandson,sonandgrandson,自子孙至玄曾乃九族人之伦Fromsonandgrandson,ontogreatgrandsonandgreatgreatgrandson,thesearethenineagnates,constitutingthekinshipsofman.父子恩夫妇从兄则友弟则恭Affectionbetweenfatherandchild,harmonybetweenhusbandandwife,friendlinessonthepartofelderbrothers,respectfulnessonthepartofyoungerbrothers,长幼序友与朋君则敬臣则忠Precedence(??)betweeneldersandyoungers,(probably:precedence)asbetweenfriendandfriend.Respectonthepartofthesovereign,loyaltyonthepartofthesubject.此十义人所同Thesetenobligations,arecommontoallmen.凡训蒙须讲究详训诂名句读Intheeducationoftheyoung,thereshouldbeexplanationandelucidation,carefulteachingoftheinterpretationsofcommentators,anddueattentiontoparagraphsandsentences.为学者必有初小学终至四书Thosewhoarelearnersmusthaveabeginning.The'littlelearning'finished,theyproceedtothefourbooks.论语者二十篇群弟子记善言ThereistheLunYu(discourseorAnalects),intwentysections.Inthis,thevariousdiscipleshaverecordedthewisesayingsofConfucius.孟子者七篇止讲道德说仁义TheworksofMencius,havecomprisedinsevensection.Theseexplainthewayandexemplificationsthereof,andexpoundclarityanddutytowardsone'sneighbors.作中庸子思笔中不偏庸不易TheChungYung(thedoctrineofthemean),bythepenofTzu-su;Chung(themiddle)beingthatwhichodesnotleantowardsanyside,Yung(thecourse)beingthatwhichcannotbechanged.作大学乃曾子自修齐至平治Hewhowrotethe'GreatLearning'wasthephilosopherTseng.Beginningwithcultivationoftheindividualandorderingofthefamily,Itgoesontogovernmentofone'sownStateandorderingofthefamily.孝经通四书熟如六经始可读Whenthe'ClassicofFilialPiety'ismastered,andthe'Fourbooks'areknownbyheart,thenextstepistothe'Sixclassics',whichmaynowbestudied.诗书易礼春秋号六经当讲求TheBooksofPoetry,ofHistoryandofChanges,the'RitesofChouDynasty,thebookofTites,andthe'SpringandAutumnAnnals'arethesixclassicswhichshouldbecarefullyexplainedandanalyzed.有连山有归藏有周易三易详ThereistheLienShanSystem,thereistheKueiTsangAndthereisthesystemofChangesoftheChouDynasty,sucharethe3systemswhichelucidatethechanges.有典谟有训诰有誓命书之奥TherearetheRegulationsandtheCounsels,TheInstruction,TheAnnouncements,TheOaths,TheCharges;thesearetheprofunditiesoftheBookofHistory.我周公作周礼著六官存治体OurDukeofChou,drewuptheRitualoftheChouDynasty,inwhichhesetforththedutiesofthesixclassesofofficials;andthusgaveasettledformtothegovernment.大小戴注礼记述圣言礼乐备TheElderandtheYoungerTai,wrotecommentariesontheBookofRites.Theypublishtheholywords,andCeremoniesandMusicweresetinorder.曰国风曰雅颂号四诗当讽咏WespeakoftheKuoFeng,wespeakoftheYaandtheSung.ThesearethefoursectionsoftheBookofpoetry,whichshouldbehummedoverandover.诗既亡春秋作寓褒贬别善恶Whenodesceasedtobemade,theSpringandAutumnAnnalswereproduced.TheseAnnalscontainpraiseandblame,anddistinguishthegoodfromthebad.三传者有公羊