发电厂电气主接线设计

发电厂电气主接线设计发电厂电气主接线设计作者：卢平摘要随着我国经济的不断发展，对电的需求也越来越大。电力工业是我国经济发展中最为重要的一种能源，主要是它可以方便、高效地转换其它能源形式。电力工业作为一种先进的生产力，是国民经济发展中最重要的基础能源产业。而火力发电是电力工业发展中的主力军。截止2006年底，火电发电量达到48405万千瓦，约占总容量的77.82%。由此可见，火力发电在我国这个发展中国家的国民经济中的重要性。本次设计是针对2*300MW火力发电厂电气部分的设计，电气主接线是发电厂、变电站电气设计的首要部分，也是构成电力系统的主要环节。所以本次设计电气部分主接线方案为一台半断路器接线。该设计主要从理论上在电气主接线设计、短路电流计算、电气设备的选择、配电装置的布局、防雷设计、发电机、变压器和母线的继电保护等方面做详尽的论述，同时，在保证设计可靠性的前提下，还要兼顾经济型和灵活性，通过计算论证火电厂实际设计的合理性与经济型。采用软件绘制电气图和查阅相关书籍，进一步完善了设计。关键词：电气主接线；短路电流；配电装置；电气设备选择AbstractAsChina'seconomicdevelopment，thedemandforelectricityisgrowing。ElectricpowerindustryinChina'seconomicdevelopmentisoneofthemostimportantenergy，mainlyitcanbeeasilyandefficientlyconvertotherformsofenergy。Asanadvancedproductivityintheelectricalindustry，isthemostimportantfoundationinthedevelopmentofenergyindustryofthenationaleconomy。Thermalpoweristhemainforceinthedevelopmentoftheelectricpowerindustry。Bytheendof2006,thermalpowergeneratingcapacityreached484.05million-kilowatt，77.82%percentoftotalcapacity。Thus，thermalpowergenerationinChina，theimportanceofdevelopingthenationaleconomy。Thisdesignisdesignedforelectricalpartsofthe2*300MWthermalpowerplant，mainelectricalconnectionistheprimarypartoftheelectricdesignofpowerplantandsubstation，constitutethemainpartofpowersystem。Designofmainelectricalconnectionschemeforoneandahalfcircuitbreakerconnection。Thedesigntheoryinthedesignofmainelectricalwiring，electricalequipmentforshort-circuitcurrentcalculations，selectionanddistributionequipmentforlightningprotectiondesign，layouts，generators，transformersandrelayprotectionofBusbarinelaborateonthese，atthesametime，ensurethereliabilitydesignofpremise，alsoconsidereconomicandflexibilitythroughcalculationsjustifytheactualdesignofthermalpowerplantandcheap。Drawelectricaldiagramssoftwareandcheckoutbooks，furtherimprovedthedesign。Keywords：mainelectricalwiring；shortcircuitcurrent；distributionequipment；electricalequipmentselection目录1原始资料介绍...........................................................................................................11.1原始资料分析.............................................................................................11.2本次设计主要内容.....................................................................................12电气主接线设计方案确定.......................................................................................32.1电气主接线设计原则与要求.....................................................................32.1.1电气主接线设计原则32.1.2电气主接线设计基本要求32.1.3大机组超高压主接线的特殊要求52.2500KV电气主接线的确定........................................................................62.3主接线方案的确定.....................................................................................92.4主变压器的选择.......................................................................................122.4.1发电厂主变压器的容量和台数的确定122.4.2主变压器型式的选择122.4.3绕组容量和连接方式的选择122.4.4电气设备的选择123厂用电设计.............................................................................................................143.1厂用负荷分类...........................................................................................143.2厂用电接线基本要求...............................................................................153.3厂用电的电压等级...................................................................................153.4厂用电系统中性点接地方式...................................................................163.5厂用电源及其引接...................................................................................173.6备用电源数量...........................................................................................193.7厂用变压器的选择...................................................................................193.7.1火电厂主要厂用电负荷203.7.2厂用电负荷的计算方法233.7.3厂用变压器的选择253.7.4厂备用变压器选择273.8厂用电接线的确定...................................................................................304短路电流计算.........................................................................................................324.1短路电流计算的目的...............................................................................324.2短路电流计算的一般规定.......................................................................324.3短路电流计算步骤...................................................................................334.4电路元件参数计算...................................................................................344.5各点短路电流计算...................................................................................354.5.1d1点短路（500KV）354.5.2d2（发电机出口侧）短路374.5.3d3点短路电流（厂用变压器低压侧）计算：395电气设备的配置.....................................................................................................445.1隔离开关的配置.......................................................................................445.1.1隔离开关的作用445.1.2隔离开关的配置方案445.2电压互感器的配置...................................................................................455.3电流互感器的配置...................................................................................455.4接地刀闸或接地器的配置.......................................................................465.5自动装置的配置.......................................................................