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6319986ADVANCESINENVIRONMENTALSCIENCEVol.6,No.3Jun.,1998X朱利中 陈宝梁(杭州大学环境科学系,杭州310028),;,,:,,,;,(),,-,,,[1];[2-3];[4],;[5],20301934Smith[6]1937Olin[7-8]1950Jordan[9],;1955BarrerMacleod[10],,60,[11-13]80,[14],[15][4];,,X(29777005),,一、膨润土的基本性质,,,,,,(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2H2O,SiO266.72%,Al2O328.53%,H2O5%.,()(),21,,,;0.962.14nm;,,;1/15Si4+Al3+,1/31/6Al3+Mg2+,;K+Na+(600800m2/g),,;,(80120meq/100g);二、膨润土在废水处理中的应用30,Olin,[16][17];[18];Beveridge[19],,0.1%(W/V),,[20];[21];[22],90%,COD96.9%[23];[24][25,26]Narine[27],(CEC),CEC,,,,-,,,-,-[28]-Pb2+Cd2+Cr(),-(PAC),Pb2+93.1%[29]54:6-,,-40%200%;0.01%0.005%(PAC),94%-100%[30[-,COD71%,[31](HPAM)(PACS);,三、改性膨润土在废水处理中的应用,,,,:;,,,,(),,,,K+Na+Ca2+Mg2+,,,,,,,,H+Ca2+Mg2+,H+Al3+,H+,,,()32[33][34],,(),;,[35],(PAC)(SCMC)Scpb,COD60%,70%,60%Isaacson[36]NaHCaCuAlFe,:Fe-Al-Cu-Ca-[37],,;0.1%,,COD85%,88%;,COD94%,98%[38]AICl3MgCl2Al(OH)3553:Mg(OH)2MMH-;MMH-CODSrinivasan[39]Al(OH)3,,-,Estes[40]--;,,NaCl(0.1mol/L),[41](CTMAB),;20g/LpH3.8,COD13850mg/L,2286mg/L,83.5%;1570mg/L630mg/L,59.9%;1500mg/L;SS2018mg/L30mg/L,98.6%,,CODSS99.5%99.7%100%100%99.8%Srinivasan[42-43]-,(a)[44]Zn(NO3)2Cu(NO3)2ZnO-CuO-,ZnO-CuO-;,,,四、有机膨润土在废水处理中的应用、机理、规律及影响因素1.,,(),Jordan[45];,,,,,;,;,:Na+-+R1R2R3R4N+X-R1R2R3R4+-+NaX,R1R2C1C4,CH-3;R3C12C18;R4C1C4,C12C18C7X-Cl-Br-HSO-4CH3COO-56:6:();[46-50][48],,,,,,:(15%55%),530,,,,,,[51-53];(CEC),[54]Zhang[55],CEC70%,99%;:;,,,,2.1949Jordan[45];60,[11-13],Wolfe[56],,,Wolfe[57],,,11;,,[58](CTMAB)(CPB)CTMAB-CPB-,CTMAB-CPB-12;5,[51-54,59-63],(DTMAB)(CTMAB)(CPB)(OTMAB),;573:A-B-A-,;,(-):(1);,:OTMAB-CTMAB-DTMAB-[54];(2),,;,CTMAB-:100CTMAB-80CTMAB-60CTMAB-40CTMAB-20CTMAB-[54];(3);,CTMAB-;A-B-A-[53]A-[54],-(Kow),Kow,,,(Sorption),,,(Adsorption);,(Sorption)(Partition)Smith[64]10,CCl4,--CCl4,;----CCl4,,Smith[65](DTMA)()(decyltrimethyldiammonium,DTMDA),DTMA-DTMDA-();DTMA-CCl4,;DTMDA-CCl4,Smith[66],CCl4;(CH3)3-N+-R,RC12C18(Sorption)(Adsorption),58:6,CEC20%40%60%,;;(Sorption),[67],CTMAB-,-()(Partition);(Adsorption),;,3.,,CTMAB-A-B-,A-,95%,,CTMAB-CPC-[68],;,COD;,,-,,Al2(SO4)3[51-53,68],,COD,-,,,[52-53],(),N2,,,,,,,,;;,;,,[1]Harper,M.,Purnell,C.,Environ.Sci.Technol.,24,55(1990)[2]Slabaugh,W.H.,Vasofskv,R.W.,ClaysandClayMinerals,23,458(1997)[3]McAtee.J.L.,Robbins,R.C.,ClaysandClayMinerals,28,61(1980)593:[4]Green,W.J.,Lee,G.F.,Jones,R.A.andPailt.T.,Environ.Sci.Technol.,17,278(1983)[5],,,,,16(1),1(1997)[6]Smith,C.R.,J.Am.Clem.Soc.,56,1561(1934)[7]Olin,H.L.andPeterson,H.W.,J.Am.WaterWorkAssoc.,29,513(1937)[8]Olin,H.L.,Campbell,C.L.andGauler,J.W.,WaterWords&Sewerage,84,271(1937)[9]Jordan,J.W.,Hook,B.J.andFinlayson,C.M,J.Phys.Chem.,54,1196(1950)[10]Barrer,R.M.andMacleod,DM.,Trans.FaradaySoc.,50,1290(1955)[11]Williamson,J.N.,Heit.A.H.andCalmon,C.,Eraluationofvariousadsorbentsandcoagulantsforwastewaterrenovation:ReportNo.999WP-14,PablicHealthService,Washingtion,D.C.,1964,P.91[12]McBride,MB.,Pinnavaia,T.J.andMortland,M.M.,Adsorptionofaromaticmoleculesbyclaysinaqueoussus-pensions:inFateofPollutantsintheAirandWaterEnvironmentsPart1,I.H.Suffet,ed,Wiley,NewYork,1977,145[13]El-Dib,M.A.,Moursy,A.S.andBadany,M.I.,WaterRes.,12,1131(1978)[14],,23,78(1991)[15]Harper,M.andPurnell,C.J.,Envinon.Sci.Technol.,24(1),55(1990)[16],,7,12(1995)[17],,,,12(6),101(1995)[18],,,5(4),51(1995)[19]Beveridge,A.andPickering,W.F.,WaterRes.,17,215(1983)[20],,,,21(2),139(1993)[21],,2,28(1996)[22],,,,,,,15(5),23(1993)[23],,,3,38(1993)[24],,,17(6),21(1995)[25]Ainsworth,C.C.,Zachara,J.M.andSchmidr,R.L.,ClaysandClayMinerals,35(2),121(1987)[26]Ferreiro,E.A.,Bussetti,S.G.,Helmy.,A.K.,ClaysandClayMinerals,36(1),61(1988)[27]Narine,D.R.,Guy,R.D.,ClaysandClayMinerals,29(3),205(1981)[28],,,,,7(1),48(1997)[29],,,,,15(1),42(1994)[30],,,,,15(1),10(1995)[31],,,,12(7),973(1991)[32],,9(3),14(1987)[33],,,,,14(1),93(1993)[34],,,15(1),13(1993)[35],,,,,16(2),18(1994)[36]Isaacson,P.J.andSawhney,B.L.ClayMinerals,18,253(1983)[37],,,16(1),60(1996)[38],,24(1)126(1995)[39]Srinivasan,K.R.,Fogler,H.S.,Chemosphere,18(1-6),333(1989)[40]Estes,T.J.,Shah,R.V.,Villcer,V.L.,Environ,Sci.Technol.,22(4),377(1988)[41],,,1,37(1994)[42]Srinivasan,K.R.,Fogler,H.S.,ClaysandClayMirerals,38(3),277(1990)[43]Srinivasan,K.R.,Fogler,H.S.,ClaysandClayMirerals,38(3),287(1990)[44],,,,,,,1995,17(1),15[45]Jordan,J.W.,J.Phys,Chem.,53,294(1949)60:6[46],,4(2),134(1988)[47],,,,,,,,4,15(1996)[48],,,1,53(1994)[49],,,,,2,13(1991)[50],,,12,26(1995)[51],,,,,,14(5),346(1994)[52],,,,,15(3)316(1995)[53],,,,,,16(2)233(1997)[54],,,,,18(5),723(1997)[55]Zhang,A.A.,Sparks,D.L.,Scrirer,N.C.,Environ,Sci.Technol.,27,1625(1993)[56]Wolfe,T.A.,Demirel,T.,Baumann,E.R.,ClaysandClayMinerels,33(4),301(1985)[57]Wolfe,T.A.,Demirel,T.,Baumann,E.R.,J.WaterPollut,Control.Fed.,58(1),68(1986)[58],,,,21(2),255(1993)[59],,,,,,16(6),15(1994)[60]Zhu,L.,Zhang,J,.Li,Y.,Shen,X.,Qi,W,.J.Environ.Sci.,8(3),378(1996)[61]Zhu,L.,Li,Y,.Zhang,J.,Environ.,Sci.Technol.,31(5),1047(1997)[62],,,,,17(4),434(1997)[63],,,,,20(4),236(1994)[64]Smith,J.A.,Jaffe,P.R.,Chiou,C.T.,Environ.Sci,Technol.,24,1167(1990)[65]Smith,J.A.,Jaffe,P.