假单胞菌WBC-3分解代谢甲基对硫磷和4-硝基酚---降解途径、调控机理及其污染的生物修复周宁一(Ning-YiZhou)中国科学院武汉病毒研究所中国科学院农业与环境微生物学重点实验室2014年11月08日成都第十七次全国环微会□,HCB;▲,PCP。第九次全国环微会(杭州,2006)代谢工程构建六氯苯降解菌YanDZetal(2006)Appl.Environ.Microbiol.72:2283-2286ClClClClClClClClClClClOHPutidaredoxinPutidaredoxinreductaseATCC39723succinyl-CoAacetyl-CoAhexachlorobenzenepentachlorophenolS.chlorophenolicummutantcytochromeP450cam六氯苯40608010012014016018020022024026028030032034036038040001000200030004000500060007000800090001000011000120001300014000m/z--AbundanceClClClClClOOScan1898(10.892min):050426-03.D266130165237308957318957207285145112341369384324399pZWXW1XiaoYetal(2007)JBacteriol.189:6587-6593.第十次全国环微会(广州,2007)2-硝基酚代谢途径第十二次全国环微会(武汉,2009)4-硝基酚代谢途径ZhangJJetal(2009)JBacteriol.191:2703-2710.Zhaoetal(2009)FEMSMicrobiolEcol.70:315-323.第十三次全国环微会(南京,2010)4-氯代硝基苯的降解机理及其污染土壤修复第十四次全国环微会(厦门,2011)PseudomonasputidaZWLR2-1分解代谢2-氯硝基苯的机理研究LiuHetal(2011)Appl.Environ.Microbiol.77:4547-4552.第十五次全国环微会(大连,2012)微生物龙胆酸代谢途径的多样性Gram-negativebacteriaGSHLowG+CGram-positivebacteria(Bacilli)MaleylpyruvateIsomeraseHighG+CGram-positivebacteria(Actinomycetes)OH2NOHSHCysteineMSHFengetalJBC2006Zhouetal.J.Bacteriol.2002LiuandZhouJ.Bacteriol.2012TransportersinAromaticCompoundsCatabolism周宁一(Ning-YiZhou)中国科学院武汉病毒研究所中国科学院农业与环境微生物学重点实验室2013年8月兰州微生物降解芳烃过程中转运蛋白的研究第十六次全国环境微生物学学术研讨会—兰州COOHCOOHOHOHOHCOOHOHCOOHResearchInterestsRevealingnovelmicrobialdegradationpathwaysandtheirmolecularevolutionforpollutantdegradation,aswellasbioremediationofcontaminatedsoil.中国科学院武汉病毒研究所环境微生物学科组假单胞菌WBC-3分解代谢甲基对硫磷和4-硝基酚---降解途径、调控机理及其污染的生物修复周宁一(Ning-YiZhou)中国科学院武汉病毒研究所中国科学院农业与环境微生物学重点实验室2014年11月08日成都第十七次全国环微会农药是环境污染的重要形式之一。其中,有机磷农药曾经被广泛用于世界农作物的虫害防治,曾是世界上生产和使用量最多的农药品种。如对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、杀螟松、内吸磷、马拉硫磷、乐果、敌百虫及敌敌畏等。有机磷农药毒性很大,许多发达国家都已禁用或限用,且被列入PIC(PriorInformedConsent)公约。有机磷农药都含P=O或P=S基团,而这个基团可以通过水解反应而被分解。有机磷农药降解示意图。R是烷基、芳基、烃基或其他基团,X是卤素、脂肪酸、芳香族或是杂环基团。OPH:organophosphatehydrolaseencodedbyoph,opd,oropdAgene(Serdaretal.,1982;Harperetal.,1988;Serdaretal.,1985;Horneetal.,2002;Sogorb&Vilanova,2002)甲基对硫磷降解菌株的筛选甲基对硫磷(MethylParathion,MP)是有机磷农药的代表,曾被大量用于农业生产中的害虫防治,但其残留会造成环境与食品的严重污染,严重影响了人类的身体健康。对于甲基对硫磷污染物的生物修复是一种经济和有效的方法。甲基对硫磷Rani&Lalithakumari,1994Cui,Z.L.,S.P.Li&G.P.Fu,Appl.Environ.Microb.,2001,67:4922-4925.MethylParathionHydrolase(mpd)inPlesiomonassp.M6甲基对硫磷降解菌株的筛选从湖北沙市地区的农药污染土样中被分离出来一株能够彻底降解甲基对硫磷的Pseudomonassp.WBC-3菌株。该菌株能以甲基对硫磷(MP)和4-硝基酚(PNP)为唯一碳源、氮源和能源。陈亚丽等.2002.微生物学报.42:490-497假单胞菌WBC-3电镜照片甲基对硫磷TCACycleWBC-3甲基对硫磷降解菌株的筛选ThecatabolicgenesforMPandPNPdegradationinPseudomonassp.WBC-3werelocatedonalargelasmid(70Kb).FIG.A.PlasmidisolatedfromWBC-3anditsderivatives.Lane1,markers;lane2,plasmidofWBC-3;lane3,plasmidoftransconjugantWXP-6;lane4,plasmidofPaW340;lane5,plasmidofcuredstrainWBC-C.B.RestrictionenzymeanalysisofplasmidsfromWBC-3andtransconjugantWXP-6.DegradationofPNPbyPseudomonassp.strainWBC-3(C)andtransconjugantWXP-6(D).ABCLiuH,JJZhang,SJWang,XEZhang,andNYZhou.2005.Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun.334:1107WBC-3WXP-6DWBC-3菌株中分解代谢甲基对硫磷的机理MPHandOPDdemonstrate12%identityataminoacidlevelMPH-likeMPD(methylparathiondegradation)Plesiomonassp.M6MPH(methylparathionhydrolase)Pseudomonassp.WBC-3OPD-likeOPD(organophosphatedegradation)PseudomonasdiminutaFlavobacteriumsp.strainATCC27551OPDAAgrobacteriumradiobacterP230DiversityofOrganophosphateHydrolasesWBC-3菌株中分解代谢甲基对硫磷的机理Harperetal.,1988;Mulbry&Karns,1989;Cuietal.,2001;Horneetal.,2002;Liuetal.,2005FIG.A.ReplicativetranspositionofTnmphfrompZWWM002.B.SouthernblothybridizationanalysisoftheendproductsofTnmphtranspositioninPseudomonasputidaPaW340.AtransposableclassIcompositetransposoncarryingmph(methylparathionhydrolase)fromStrainWBC-3(Weietal.,2009)ABWBC-3菌株中分解代谢甲基对硫磷的机理Figure1.A.(b)AcartoonrepresentationofthemonomerstructureofMPH.(candd)TheMPHdimer.B.(a)AstereoFigureshowingelectrondensitycoveringthemetalcenter.(d)TheactivesiteofMPH,showingthemetalbindingcenter.Dongetal.,JMolBiol,2005.CrystalstructureofmethylparathionhydrolasefromStrainWBC-3ABWBC-3菌株中分解代谢甲基对硫磷的机理TCACycle?WBC-3MPHWBC-3菌株中分解代谢甲基对硫磷的机理FIG.1.(A)ProposedpathwayformethylparathionandPNPcatabolisminPseudomonassp.strainWBC-3.(B)OrganizationofthepnpgeneclusterofstrainWBC-3.MPHThepathwayformethylparathionandPNPcatabolisminPseudomonassp.strainWBC-3ZhangJJ,HLiu,YXiao,XEZhang,NYZhou.2009.J.Bacteriol.191:2703-2710.PnpAPnpBPnpCDPnpEPnpFWBC-3菌株中分解代谢4-硝基酚的机理20/21FIG.A.SDS-PAGEofH6-PnpAandH6-PnpB.B.ThereactionscatalyzedbypnpAgeneproductandtheproposedpathwayforPNPcatabolism.C.SpectrophotometricchangesduringthetransformationofPNPbypurifiedH6-PnpA.PnpAHBenzoquinone4-NitrophenolOONO2OHNADPHNADP+O2H2ONO2NADPHNADP+OHOHHydroquinoneZhangJJ,HLiu,YXiao,XEZhang,NYZhou.2009.J.Bacteriol.191:2703-2710.ABCPnpAcatalyzesmonooxygenationofPNPtop-benzoquinoneWBC-3菌株中分解代谢4-硝基酚的机理FIG.A.对苯二醌在还原酶(PnpB)的作用下还原为对苯二酚;B.pnpB是菌株WBC-3降解4-硝基酚的必需基因,pnpB的缺陷型菌株利用4-硝基酚的能力被显著抑制。NADPHNADP+BenzoquinoneHydroquinoneOOOHOHPnpBcatalyzesreductionofp-benzoquinonetohydroquinoneABZhangJJ,HLiu,YXiao,XEZhang,NYZhou.2009.J.Bacteriol.191:2703-2710.WBC-3菌株中分解代谢4-硝基酚的机理g-HMSA22/28HQPnpCD,PnpEcatalyzesreactionofhydroquin