2015Applicationofconstructedwetlandsforwastew

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: of constructed wetlands forwastewater treatment in tropical andsubtropical regions (2000–2013)ARTICLE in JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES · FEBRUARY 2015Impact Factor: 2 · DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.10.013CITATION1READS1276 AUTHORS, INCLUDING:Dong-Qing ZhangNanyang Technological University20 PUBLICATIONS 385 CITATIONS SEE PROFILEK B S N JinadasaUniversity of Peradeniya33 PUBLICATIONS 335 CITATIONS SEE PROFILERichard M GersbergSan Diego State University79 PUBLICATIONS 1,779 CITATIONS SEE PROFILESoon Keat TanNanyang Technological University162 PUBLICATIONS 1,307 CITATIONS SEE PROFILEAvailable from: Dong-Qing ZhangRetrieved on: 05 March 2016UNCORRECTEDPROOF1Q12Applicationofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatment2intropicalandsubtropicalregions(2000–2013)3Q13Dong-QingZhang1,⁎,K.B.S.N.Jinadasa2,RichardM.Gersberg3,YuLiu1,4SoonKeatTan1,WunJernNg151.AdvancedEnvironmentalBiotechnologyCentre,NanyangEnvironment&WaterResearchInstitute,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,61CleanTechLoop,#06-10,637141,Singapore.E-mail:[e-mail]ring,UniversityofPeradeniya,Peradeniya20400,SriLanka83.GraduateSchoolofPublicHealth,SanDiegoStateUniversity,HardyTower119,5500Campanile,SanDiego,CA92182-4162,USA911ARTICLEINFO12ABSTRACT13Articlehistory:14Received12June201415Revised17October201416Accepted17October201417Availableonlinexxxx18Constructedwetlands(CWs)havebeensuccessfullyusedfortreatingvariouswastewaters19fordecadesandhavebeenidentifiedasasustainablewastewatermanagementoptionfor20developingcountries.Withthegoalofpromotingsustainableengineeredsystemsthat21supporthumanwell-beingbutarealsocompatiblewithsustainingnatural(environmental)22systems,theapplicationofCWshasbecomemorerelevant.Suchapplicationisespecially23significantfordevelopingcountrieswithtropicalclimates,whichareveryconduciveto24higherbiologicalactivityandproductivity,resultinginhighertreatmentefficiencies25comparedtothoseintemperateclimates.Thispaperthereforehighlightsthepractice,26applications,andresearchoftreatmentwetlandsundertropicalandsubtropicalconditions27since2000.Inthepresentreview,removalofQ14BODandTSSwasshowntobeveryefficient28andconsistentacrossalltypesoftreatmentwetlands.Hybridsystemsappearedmore29efficientintheremovalofTSS(91.3%),COD(84.3%),andnitrogen(i.e.,80.7%forNH4-N,3080.8%forNO3-N,and75.4%forTN)ascomparedtootherwetlandsystems.Vertical31subsurfaceflow(VSSF)CWsremovedTSS(84.9%),BOD(87.6%),andnitrogen(i.e.,66.2%for32NH4-N,73.3%forNO3-N,and53.3%forTN)moreefficientlythanhorizontalsubsurfaceflow33(HSSF)CWs,whileHSSFCWs(69.8%)showedbetterTPremovalcomparedtoVSSFCWs34(60.1%).Floatingtreatmentwetlands(FTWs)showedcomparableremovalefficienciesfor35BOD(70.7%),NH4-N(63.6%),andTP(44.8%)tofreewatersurface(FWS)CWsystems.36©2015TheResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences.37PublishedbyElsevierB.V.38Keywords:39Constructedwetlands40Treatment41Nutrient42Removal43Tropical44454647484950Contents51Introduction............................................................0521.Contaminantremovalinfreewatersurface(FWS)CWs..................................0532.Contaminantremovalinsubsurfaceflowconstructedwetlands(SSFCWs)........................0543.Contaminantremovalinhybridconstructedwetlands...................................0554.Contaminantremovalinfloatingtreatmentwetlands(FTWs)...............................0565.Overallevaluation.......................................................0JOURNALOFENVIRONMENTALSCIENCESXX(2015)XXX–XXX⁎Correspondingauthor.E-mail:[e-mail](Dong-Qing;Zhang).©2015TheResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences.PublishedbyElsevierB.V.Availableonlineat:Zhang,D.-Q.,etal.,Applicationofconstructedwetlandsforwastewatertreatmentintropicalandsubtropicalregions(2000–2013),J.Environ.Sci.(2015),(Shannonetal.,2008).Accordingtoarecentreportbythe67WorldHealthOrganization(2012),morethanonetenthofthe68globalpopulation(780million)stillreliedonsub-standard69drinkingwatersourcesin2010.Moreover,manycitiesin70developingcountrieshavegenerallyfallenbehindincon-71structingandmanagingsewagetreatmentfacilities,since72treatmentofwastewaterisalwaysconsideredoneofthe73lowestprioritiesamongthevariousinfrastructuredevelop-74ments(Y