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微生物学通报JUN20,2008,35(6):939~943Microbiology©2008byInstituteofMicrobiology,[e-mail]*通讯作者：Tel:[phone];:[e-mail]收稿日期：2007-08-28;接受日期:2007-10-26专论与综述活性污泥驯化的微生物生态学原理朱铁群*李凯慧张杰(450011)摘要:活性污泥是一种复杂的、具有生物多样性的微生态系统。生物多样性是活性污泥驯化的基础,驯化条件对微生物进行选择适者生存增长,不适者被抑制或淘汰。此外,活性污泥微生物还能够通过表型适应和进化性适应主动地去适应驯化条件。活性污泥驯化的过程是微生物生态位在生态系统中重新分配和调整的过程,符合生态学“选择与适应”的原理。依据这种原理,原污泥、废水水质和处理工艺是影响活性污泥驯化的主要因素。关键词:活性污泥驯化,微生物多样性,选择与适应,影响因素MicrobialEcologyPrincipleofActivatedSludgeAcclimationZHUTie-Qun*LIKai-HuiZHANGJie(NorthChinaInstituteofWaterConservancyandHydroelectricPower,Zhengzhou450011)Abstract:Activatedsludgeisacomplicatedmicrobialecosystemthathasdiversity.Basedonthediversity,microorganismsareselectedbyacclimationcondition:thesurvivalofthefittest,otherwiseeliminatethroughselectionorcontest.Moreover,microorganismsinactivatedsludgeacclimatizethemselvestoacclimationconditions.Intheprocesstheecosystemdistributesandadjustsmicrobialnicheoveragain.Thetheoryof“selectionandacclimatization”maybeusedtoexplainthemechanismofactivatedsludgeacclimation.Sothen,originalsludge,wastewaterqualityandtreatingprocessaremajorinfluencingfactorsforactivatedsludgeacclimation.Keywords:Activatedsludgeacclimation,Microbialdiversity,Selectionandacclimatization,Factorsofin-fluence[1],,[2],[3-5],,[6],[7],,,940微生物学通报2008,Vol.35,No.6活性污泥的多样性,1.1微生物的多样性16SrRNA,,1[7]13,,16~76OTUs()表1废水处理厂和反应器活性污泥的微生物群落结构Table1Themicrobialcommunitystructuresofactivatedsludgefromwastewatertreatmentplantsandreactors(%)(OTUs)Bacterialphyla(%)(NumberofOTUsinrespectivephylum)Proteobacteria(So-useofactiv-atedsludge)αβγδεBacteroidetesAcidobacteriaFirmicutesActinobacteriaNitrospiraVerrucomicrobiaPlanctomycetesChlorobiChloroflexiFibrobacteresFusobacteriaUnaffiliated13(1)51(9)17(7)15(1)10(5)2(1)2(1)226(15)31(9)2(2)5(3)1(1)1(1)2(1)3(2)12(10)1(1)16(8)313(8)34(20)8(4)3(3)2(2)5(5)3(2)1(1)4(3)3(3)1(1)13(9)4(3)3(2)3(3)417(15)26(13)10(9)1(1)7(5)13(9)7(5)2(2)2(2)1(1)9(8)3(3)2(2)516(8)9(2)8(3)4(2)4(2)6(1)2(1)37(3)8(4)2(1)6(3)65(1)14(1)7(2)1(1)50(7)5(1)9(2)9(1):1:;2:/;3:SBR,();4:SBR,();5:,;6:Note:1:High-loadaerationbasinofafull-scalemunicipalplant1;2:Nitrifying/denitrifyingindustrialplant;3:Lab-scalephos-phate-removingsequencingbatchreactors(+sodiumacetate);4:Lab-scalephosphate-removingsequencingbatchreactors;5:Lab-scalephosphate-removingcontinuousflowreactor;6:Lab-scalephosphate-removingreactor1.2同功微生物的多样性,,[1],[8],-12[9],2,4-D(2,4-)42,4-D[10]1.3种内物质代谢的多样性,12(Escherichiacoli)233,6312,27%[11],,,2活性污泥驯化的机理,,,2.1驯化期活性污泥的变化,[2],[2,9,10,12],[2,9,10]1[9]:941(L·d)1.5g/(L·d),;1.0g/(L·d)R6F,;1.5g/(L·d),R6TR10,,[13]图1在10%盐度条件下优势种群增长与氮去除率的关系Fig.1TherelationofpredominantbacterialcommunityandNOx-Nremovalratein10%salinity2.2多样性是活性污泥驯化的基础,,[9,10];,,,,,,,[12,14],,,,2.3驯化条件下微生物的适应性变化,[15];[16];[17],,2,4,5-T(2,4,5-),2,4,5-T,,,BramucciM[18,19];CT14(Pseudomonassp.CT14),,[20]3影响活性污泥驯化的因素,,,3.1接种污泥对驯化的影响[21],,,[22,23],(11)[24−26];(),[27],[28,29]3.2废水水质对驯化的影响,,,,,,[2,22,23,30],942微生物学通报2008,Vol.35,No.6[31],;,,[32]3.3工艺条件对驯化的影响,[33],,,,BPR()3,non-BPR[34],HRT()SRT(),,,[35]4结束语,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,参考文献[1]KellerJ,YuanZhiguo,BlackallLL.Integratingprocessengineeringandmicrobiologytoolstoadvanceactivatedsludgewastewatertreatmentresearchanddevelopment.ReviewsinEnvironmentalScienceandBiotechnology,2002,1(1):83−97.[2],,,..,2002,22(6):546−550.[3],,,..,2005,26(4):l56−159.[4]Moreno-AndradeI,BuitronG.VariationofthemicrobialactivityduringtheacclimationphaseofaSBRsystemdegrading4-chlorophenol.WaterScienceandTechnol-ogy,2004,50(10):251−258.[5]XieB,KangKS.Uptakeofcopperionbyactivatedsludgeanditsbacterialcommunityvariationanalyzedby16SrDNA.JournalofEnvironmentalScience(China),2003,15(3):328−333.[6],,,...,2006,pp.156−157.[7]WagnerM,LoyA,NogueiraR,etal.Microbialcommu-nitycompositionandfunctioninwastewatertreatmentplants.AntonievanLeeuwenhoek,2002,81(1-4):665−680.[8]PatureauD,ZumsteinE,DelgenesJP,etal.Aerobicdeni-trifiersisolatedfromdiversenaturalandmanagedeco-systems.MicrobialEcology,2000,39(2):145−152.[9]YoshieS,MakinoH,HirosawaH,etal.Molecularanaly-sisofhalophilicbacterialcommunityforhigh-ratedeni-trificationofsalineindustrialwastewater.AppliedMicro-biologyandBiotechnology,2006,72(1):182−189.:943[10]LeeTH,KurataS,NakatsuCH,etal.Molecularanalysisofbacterialcommunitybasedon16SrDNAandfunc-tionalgenesinactivatedsludgeenrichedwith2,4-dichlorophenoxyaceticacid(2,4-D)underdifferentculturalconditions.MicrobialEcology,2005,49(1):151−162.[11]MaharjanRP,FerenciT.MetabolomicdiversityinthespeciesEscherichiacolianditsrelationshiptogeneticpopulationstructure.Metabolomics,2005,1(3):235−242.[12]KhanST,HoribaY,YamamotoM,etal.MembersofthefamilyComamonadaceaeasPrimarypoly(3-hydroxybuty-rate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)-degradingdenitrifiersinacti-vatedsludgeasrevealedbyapolyphasicapproach.Ap-pliedandEnvironmentalMicrobiology,2002,68(7):3206−3214.[13]WatanabeK,TeramotoM,HarayamaS.Anoutbreakofnonflocculatingcatabo