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西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文城市污水A2/O处理中试系统的启动与运行专业：环境工程研究生：敬世平指导教师：彭党聪教授摘要如何使活性污泥系统快速、经济、高效的启动和运行是新建活性污泥法城市污水处理厂面临的重要问题之一。本研究提出了一种改进的城市污水处理系统快速启动和稳定运行的方法，并采用中试系统对实际污水进行启动和处理试验，其主要研究结果如下：（1）采用经过初次沉淀的城市污水进行自培养，10天后，曝气池内混合液浓度仅为220mg/L，达不到成功启动的目的。采用未经初次沉淀的污水（原污水）在同样的条件下，经10天运行后，污泥浓度仅为500mg/L。其启动效果缓慢。（2）采用未经初次沉淀的污水（原污水）并投初沉污泥作为启动进水，同时在曝气末端投加絮凝剂的方法，经过10天后曝气池内混合液浓度高达3000mg/L。由此可见，通过此种方法可以快速地启动新建活性污泥法城市污水处理厂。初沉池污泥为城市污水处理厂副产物，可就近获得，从而可节约大量的接种污泥购置费、装卸费、运输费和投加费。（3）中试系统在HRT=10h，SRT=12d，平均水温28℃，污泥回流比R=30～50%，混合液回流比r=100%的运行条件下，TCOD平均去除率80%，SCOD平均去除率83%，TN去除效率55.83%。整个运行期间，氨氮的去除率高达98%，几乎被完全硝化。（4）中试系统除磷效率仅40%左右，出水TP高达2mg/L，厌氧池内释磷效果不明显，从而导致该系统除磷能力较弱，其原因是回流污泥中含有大量的硝酸盐，厌氧池的ORP高达40mv。为了提高除磷效果，未来应采取通过改变厌氧池和缺氧池容积及污泥回流比来诱导聚磷菌的生长，实现系统的同时高效脱氮和除磷。关键词：城市污水；A2/O中试系统；启动；完全硝化；运行论文类型：应用研究型西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文Thestarting-upandoperationofA2/OpilotscalesystemwithmunicipalwastewaterSpecialty:EnvironmentalEngineeringName:JingshipingInstructor:ProfessorPengDangcongABSTRACTAfterthemunicipalwastewatertreatmentplants（WWTP）wasbuiltup，thefirstandalsothemostimportantproblemishowtostartupthesystemeconomically，rapidlyandefficiency.ThispilotscalesystemwhichusedanimprovedWWTPsystemandoperationmethodtogetsuccessstarting-upandstableoperation.Themainresearchresultsareasfollows:（1）Forthestarting-upofthepilotscalesystem，onlybyusingtheprimarysedimenteffluentwastewater.10dayslater,themixliquidsuspendsolidwasonlyabout220mg/L,itcannotachievesuccessfulstarting-up.andbyusingrawsewageunderthesamecultivationcondition,10dayslater,themixliquidsuspendsolidwasabout500mg/L,theeffectswasnotverysignificant.（2）Forthestarting-upofthepilotscalesystem，usingtherawsewage、addingamountofprimarysedimentsludgeandaddingsomeflocculationintheeffluent，thenimprovedthehydraulicloadstepbystep.10dayslater,themixliquidsuspendsolidachieved3000mg/L,So,itwillbeveryconvenientandrapidtostart-upthethepilotscalesysteminthisway，whatismore，theprimarysedimentsludgeitselfisbyproduct，itcanbegainedalmostwithoutcost，itcanalsosavealotofmanpowerandmeterialpower.（3）Thesystemwasoperatedwith30~50%ofreturnactivatedsludge(RAS)，under10hofhydraulicretentiontime(HRT)，and12daysofsludgeretentiontime，100%ofmixliquidsludgereturn，averagetemperaturewas28℃.TheaverageremovalefficiencyofTCOD，SCOD，NH4+-N，TN，TPreached80%，83%，98%，55.83%，40%.西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文（4）Althoughthesystemhasthepotentialtoremovenitrogen，buttheTPremovalefficiencyonlyreachedabout40%andkeptaneffluentphosphatereached2mg/L，largeamountofphosphatereleasehasnotbeenfoundyetintheanaerobictank，sothesystemisweakatremovingphosphate，astheORPshows,inanaerobictank,theORPreached40mv,andlargeamoutofnitratesignificantlyeffectsthereleaseofphosphateofphosphorusaccumulatingorgnisims(PAOs).so,itneedstoinducethegrowthPAOsinthenextstep.Thefeasiblewayistoenhanceanaerobictankandchangereturnactivatedsludgeratio.Keywords:municipalwastewater;A2/Opilotscalesystem;starting-up;fullynitrificatiom;operationPapertype:appliedresearch西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文I目录1绪言...................................................................................................................11.1引言..........................................................................................................11.1.1我国水资源和水环境现状............................................................11.1.2我国水污染现状............................................................................11.1.3氮、磷的危害................................................................................31.1.4水环境改善途径............................................................................41.2废水生物脱氮原理及工艺......................................................................41.2.1生物脱氮原理................................................................................41.2.2生物脱氮工艺................................................................................91.3生物脱氮强化技术的研究进展............................................................201.3.1延长污泥龄技术..........................................................................201.3.2分段进水强化硝化工艺..............................................................211.3.3生物添加技术..............................................................................221.4污泥水富集硝化菌强化硝化................................................................241.4.1污泥水来源和特性......................................................................241.4.2污泥水强化硝化工艺..................................................................251.5课题来源及研究内容............................................................................291.5.1课题来源.........................................................................................291.5.2研究背景......................................................................................291.5.3研究内容......................................................................................312中试系统设计、安装及调试.........................................................................322.1系统设计................................................................................................322.1.1处理工艺......................................................................................3