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3(59678024)ANAMMOX3(,310029)M.S.M.JettenJ.G.Kuenen(),.,.,,,,;428183464191mg/(Ld),88149%99104%;ANAMMOX,SRT(100d),ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX.;;;.,.,,2[1].,.,,[2];,,[3].,,[4],,;,()[1].,,(ANAMMOX,AnaerobicAmmoniaOxidation)[5,6]..,,,,.,.ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX.,.1111ANAMMOX1,,100cm,5cm,8cm,215L,2125L,0.25L.(013016mm,310mL),.,37.,ANAMMOX.,(95%)CO2(5%),.18419987ACTASCIENTIAECIRCUMSTANTIAEVol.18,No.4July,19981ANAMMOX1.2.3.4.5.6171ANAMMOX8191101111Fig.1ANAMMOXfluidizedreactorANAMMOX(23L),1L(VS24186g/L).,(mg/L):NH+42N11201680(80120mmol/L);COD54307514;TOC16471912;pH7.1713.,(95%)CO2(5%),.,.720mL/h,50%.112[7],;Griess2Romijn[8];N2N2O(ECD/TCD,Fisons);CODK2Cr2O7;pH;TOCBeckman9152B;(VS)6024h6001h;.2211ANAMMOX2002.2ANAMMOXFig.2AmmoniumremovalinANAMMOXreactor3,(064d),100mmol/LNaNO2,(HRT)45d,()2212668168mmol/L,44198mmol/L;111831105mmol/L,13166mmol/L;21128%96189%,69102%.,.ANAMMOX,.,(65125d),ANAMMOX,,NaNO225mmol/L,.8017826146mmol/L,65177%.,,.ANAMMOX,(126200d),(VS29145g/L)100mLANAMMOX,,ANAMMOX86318,.,,,HRT45.3Fig.3Relationbetweeninfluentandeffluentammoniumconcentrationsandbetweeninfluentammoniumconcentrationandammoniumremoval211142148mmol/L,88149%.3,,.2124,,.411710175mmol/L,97174%.(11143mmol/L0.24mmol/L),97158%.171140114mmol/L,99104%.(r2=0.320116,5)..4ANAMMOXFig.4NitriteremovalinANAMMOXreactor5Fig.5Relationbetweeninfluentandeffuentnitriteconcentrationsandbetweeninfluentnitriteconcentrationandnitriteremoval2136.3(NH+42N)188134130130428183mg/(Ld),144.2184.41379196mg/(Ld).,,961156703108mg/(Ld).(r2=0.984,7).316313793167464191mg/(Ld),9634:ANAMMOX6(AL)(AR)Fig.6Volumetricloadingrateandvolumetricremovalrateduringoperation7Fig.7Relationbetweenvolumetricammoniumloadingrateandammoniumremovalrate159.6891140460145mg/(Ld).,11251001099164mg/(Ld);,(r2=0.571).N2(88145%)N2O(0.32%).426920mL/(Ld);(r2=0.870190).214,(HRT)(SRT).8,HRT,;HRT014,.,.ANAMMOX,SRTHRT.SRT,.,(9).SRT.9,ANAMMOXSRT100.8(HRT)Fig.8EffectofHRTonammoniumornitriteremoval9(SRT)Fig.9EffectofSRTonammoniumornitriteremoval073183311ANAMMOXANAMMOX.4614513139mmol/L,259197mg/(Ld),76113%;241300134mmol/L,235.47mg/(Ld),98142%.,,,428183379196mg/(Ld),961156703108mg/(Ld),88149%;464191460145mg/(Ld),11251001099164mg/(Ld),99104%.Mulder(014kg/(m3d)[5],Prakasam2[9],.312ANAMMOXNitrosomonasNitrobacter,DO1mg/L2mg/L,pH7,[6],,,[10]:NH+4+NO-2N2+2H2OG0=-360kJ/mol(NH+4).,pH711713,..,,,.(10120mmol/L,378mmol/L),.313HRTSRTHRTSRT,HRTSRT.HRT,;HRT014,.Sheintuch,HRT1020h,()[11].ANAMMOX,HRT,SRT.SRT,.,.SRT100d,[11].,,,[12,13].ANAMMOX,ANAMMOX.1MatejuV,JanochT.Biologicalwaterdenitrificationareview.EnzymeMicrobiolobTechnol,1992,14:1701832HelderW,deVriesRTP.Estuarinenitritemaximaandnitrifyingbacteria(Ems2Dollardestuary).NethJSeaRes,1983,17:1183ZumftWG.Thedenitrifyingprokaryotes.In:BalowsAetal.(Ed).2nded.TheProkaryotes.Berlin:Springer,1992:1734:ANAMMOX5545824VanNielEWJ,KuenenJG.Amathematicaldescriptionofthebehaviourofmixedchemostatculturesofanautotrophicnitri2fierandaheterotrophicnitrifier/aerobicdenitrifier;acomparisonwithexperimentaldata.FEMSMicrobiolEcol,1993,102:991085MulderA,VandeGraafAA.Anaerobicammoniumoxidationdiscoveredinadenitrifyingfluidizedbedreactor.FEMSMicro2biolEcol,1995,16:1771846VandeGraafAA,KuenenJG.Anaerobicoxidationofammoniumisabiologicallymediatedprocess.ApplEnvironMicrobiol,1995,61:124612517FawcettJK,ScottJE.Arapidandprecisemethodforthedeterminationofurea.JClinPathol,1960,13:1561598Griess2RomijnvanEck.Phyciologicalandchemicaltestsfordrinkingwater.NEN1056,IV22.NetherlandsNormalisatie2In2stituut,Rijswijk,19669Prakasom,TBS,LoehrRC.Microbialnitrificationanddenitrificationinconcentratedwastes.WatRes,1972,6:85986910BrodaE.Twokindsoflithotrophismissinginnature.ZAllgMikrobiol,1977,17:49149311SheintuchM,RebhunM.Substrateinhibitionandmultiplestatesinacontinuousnitrificationprocess.WatRes,199529:95396312AbeliovichA,andVonshakA.Anaaerobicmetabolismofnitrosomonaseuropaea.ArchMicrobiol,1992,158:26727013BockE,ZartD.Nitrogenlosscausedbydenitrifyingnitrosomonascellsusingammoniumorhydrogenaselectrondonorsandnitriteaselectronacceptor.ArchMicrobiol,1995,163:1620STUDYONPERFORMANCEOFANAMMOXFLUIDIZEDBEDREACTORZhengPing,FengXiaoshan(ZhejiangAgriculturalUniversity,Hangzhou310029)M.S.M.Jetten,J.G.Kuenen(DelftUniversityofTechnology,theNetherlands)ABSTRACTDenitrificationwithammoniumasdirectelectrondonorisanewbiologicalreactionwhichcanremoveammoniumandnitritesimultaneously.TheperformanceofANAMMOX(anaerobicammoni2umoxidation)fluidizedbedreactorfortreatementoftheanaerobiceffluentfromsludgedigestionwasstudied.Theresultsshowedthattheinhibitoryeffectofsubstratescouldbeavoidedandtheenergyforaerationandchemicalforneutralizationcouldbesaved.Theaverageammoniumandnitritevolumetricloadingrateswere428.83and464.91mg(N)/(Ld),withmaximaof961.56and1125.00mg(N)/(Ld),respectively.Theaverageremovalofammoniumandnitritewere88.49%and99.04%.BecauseofthelowyieldofANAMMOXbiomass,alongSRT(100d)wasneeded.Inordertooperatethebioreactorproperly,thegrowthconditionofANAMMOXbiomassshouldbefurtherstudied.Keywordsanaerobicammoniumoxidation,bioreactor,anaerobiceffluent,sludgedigestion