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20169CIESCJournalSeptember2016679Vol.67No.9DOI10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20160144CANON1001244NH-N+C/NCANON/130dCOD4NH-N+TNmgL−120502501625752005352COD4NH-N+TNmgL−1407148419498.76%CANON/FISH19.5%1.3%42.7%5.02%CANONCANON/X703A04381157201609391009Start-upandcharacterizationofnitrogenandCODremovalfrommaturelandfillleachateviaCANONprocessZHANGFangzhai,WANGShuying,PENGYongzhen,MIAOLei,CAOTianhao,WANGZhong(EngineeringResearchCenterofBeijing,KeyLaboratoryofBeijingforWaterQualityScienceandWaterEnvironmentRecoveryEngineering,BeijingUniversityofTechnology,Beijing100124,China)Abstract:Thematurelandfillleachatefromsanitarylandfillisdifficulttotreatbecauseofcomplicatedcomposition,highconcentrationofammoniaandlowC/N.Duringthisstudy,aCANON(completelyautotrophicnitrogenremovalovernitrite)processwithanintermittentaeration/anaerobicmixingoperationalmodewasappliedtoremovenitrogenfrommaturelandfillleachate.Afterdomesticationof130d,thesystemwasstablewiththeeffluentCOD,4NH-N+andTN(mgL−1)of40714,84and194whentheinfluentCOD,4NH-N+andTN(mgL−1)were2050250,162575and2005352,respectively.Nitrogenremovalfrommaturelandfillleachatecouldberealizedviaintermittentaeration/anaerobicmixingCANONprocesswith98.76%oftotalnitrogenremovalefficiency.Besides,theFISH(Fluorescenceinsituhybridization)resultsshowedthatunderthisoperationalmode,bothaerobicammoniumoxidationbacteriaandanaerobicammoniumoxidizingbacteriaaccountedfor19.5%1.3%and42.7%5.02%,respectively,whichprovidedareferenceforCANONtreatingmaturelandfillleachateinengineeringapplication.Keywords:landfillleachate;CANON;intermittentaeration/anaerobic;partialnitrification;anammox;anaerobic2016-02-012016-04-1019902015ZX07218001Receiveddate:2016-02-01.Correspondingauthor:Prof.WANGShuying,wsy@bjut.edu.cnFoundationitem:supportedbytheNationalKeyScienceandTechnologySpecialProjectsofWaterPollutionControlandManagement(2015ZX07218001)andtheFundingProjectsofBeijingMunicipalCommissionofEducation.9CANON3911ammoniumoxidizingbacteria85%[1]4NH-N+[2]4NH-N+NO-Nx−NO-Nx−N2C/N[3]anaerobicammoniumoxidationANAMMOX[4-5]4NH-N+2NO-N−N2[6]4232320.50.151NH1.32NO0.066HCO0.13H1.02N0.26NO0.066CHON+−−+−+++⎯⎯→++60%100%[7]4NH-N+2NO-N−4NH-N+[8]2NO-N−4NH-N+ammoniumoxidationbacteriaAOB2NO-N−[9][10]4324222NHHCO0.75O0.5NH0.5NOCO1.5HO+−+−++⎯⎯→+++AOBanaerobicammoniumoxidizingbacteriaAnAOB2024d[11]-[12-13]UASB[14]SBR[15]SBRAnAOB[16]AnAOBSBR1/2[16]-SHARON-ANAMMOX[17]SHARONAOB4NH-N+2NO-N−4NH-N+:2NO-N−=1:1ANAMMOXAnAOB4NH-N+2NO-N−N23NO-N−[18]4NH-N+AOB2NO-N−1:1.32ANAMMOXpHAOBpH7.58.5[19]pHAnAOBpH7.08.0[20]-pHCANONcompletelyautotrophicnitrogenremovalovernitriteCANONAOBAnAOB4NH-N+[21]CANONAOBAnAOBpHCANON4NH-N+[16]4NH-N+[22]4NH-N+[23]CANON11.1CANONC/NCANON200mm210mm450mm67391210LD10-2F7080rmin−1301Multi340iDOpHpHDO1.2C/N14NH-N+=1600mgL−1[24]1L997.5ml8mgKH2PO44.48mgCaCl2H2O240mgMgSO47H2O1000mgKHCO31.25ml1.25ml1L6.369gEDTA9.14gFeSO47H2O1L19.106gEDTA0.014gH3BO40.99gMnCl24H2O0.25gCuSO45H2O0.43gZnSO47H2O0.19gNiCl26H2O0.22gNaMoO42H2OCANON9L1LMLSS=6500300mgL−1MLVSS=48003501Table1CharacteristicofmaturelandfillleachateItemRangeCOD/mgL−11800—2300BOD5/mgL−180—1504NH-N+/mgL−11550—1700TN/mgL−11653—2357TP/mgL−12.2—7.8alkalinity/mgL−18000—10000pH7.8—8.2mgL−1f=MLVSS/MLSS=70%SV=37.6%SVI=55.06mlg−11.3CANONCANON130d21160d2-60130d6095d/95130dCANON112h2hpH10%sludgeretentiontimeSRT15d236h/1.5hpHpH110%SRT55d1.4CODCOD5B-3BCOD4NH-N+2NO-N−[N-(1-)-]3NO-N−MLSSMLVSSpHDOWTWpH340iWTWDO340iTNTOC/TNMultiN/C300041.5fluorescenceinsituhybridizationFISH130dFISH1CANONFig.1OperationmodeforCANONprocess9CANON3913AOBNOBAnAOB2[25]OLYMPUSBX61Imageplus-pro6.030401.660NOB1500ml4NH-N+2NO-N−3NO-N−33500ml1#2#3#1#2#3#98.6197.2295.8mgNaNO22NO-N−4080120mgL−11#2#3#252.53.0mgL−115min4.5h1#2#3#2NO-N−3NO-N−22.160d30d130d22NO-N−2016d3NO-N−2NO-N−182NO-N−16.3%9h202Fig.2Nitrogenremovalperformancesinstartupphaseofpartialnitrification2023d4NH-N+3NO-N−2NO-N−2NO-N−45%NOB3NO-N−AOBNOB2NO-N−NOB2NO-N−256h6h25d3NO-N−2NO-N−2NO-N−55%2NO-N−3023060d22AOBNOBAnAOBTable2ProbesforAOB,NOB,AnAOBandtotalbacteriaSpecificProbesSequencePositionFA/%EubacteriaMostbacteriaEUB338GCTGCCTCCCGTAGGAGT338—35535[26]PlanctomycetalesEUB338GCAGCCACCCGTAGGTGT40VerrucomicrobialesEUB338GCTGCCACCCGTAGGTGT35NOBNitrobacteriaNIT3CCTGTGCTCCATGCTCCG1035—105240[27]NitrospiraNtspa662GGAATTCCGCGCTCCTCT662—68035[28]AnAOBAmx0368CCTTTCGGGCATTGCGAA368—38515[29]AOBNSO1225CGCCATTGTATTACGTGTGA1225—124435[30]6739142NO-N−pH5.5h4NH-N+4NH-N+2NO-N−NOB3NO-N−2301015mgL−14NH-N+3NO-N−2NO-N−3060d3NO-N−45mgL−11.4mgL−12NO-N−47mgL−1140mgL−14h2NO-N−4050d90%5060d95%2NO-N−99%4NH-N+2NO-N−2.2NOBCANON-NOBNOBNOBAnAOB2NO-N−[31]2NO-N−4080120mgL−1NOB332NO-N−3NO-N−Fig.3Variationof2NO-N−and3NO-N−inbatchtest2#3#4.5h3NO-N−2.5mgL−11#3NO-N−3.25mgL−160dNOBNOB-602.3-60d1LMLVSS=6000mgL−1-60130d35d7d20%7.544g(NH4)2SO44NH-N+1600mgL−1/AnAOB2NO-N−2NO-N−NOBNOB[31]-35d34(a)6076d1.5h/1.5h7784d1.5h/2.5h8595d1.5h/pH4(a)6067d4NH-N+40mgL−1110mgL−1AOBAnAOB35Lmin−111.21.8mgL−10.10.2mgL−1AOBAnAOB[32]AnAOBAnAOBTNAnAOB4(c)6067dAnAOBTN1540mgL−11437mgL−16775dAOB4NH-N+764NH-N+23mgL−1AnAOBTN1437mgL−1731480mgL−19CA