Chap7

71999CRCPressLLCGuidingPrinciplesandPracticesforBusinessCONTENTSIntroductionBellagioPrinciplesCERESPrinciplesResponsibleCareInternationalChamberofCommerce(ICC),WorldBusinessOrganizationThePERIGuidelinesWorldFederationofEngineeringOrganizations,CodeofEthicsINTRODUCTIONTremendousenvironmentalimprovementshavebeenrealizedoverthepastthreedecadesthroughnationalandinternationallegislation.However,thoseimprovementshaverecentlyslowedandhavebeencomparativelysmall.Toimprovetheconditionoftheenvironmentbeyondwhattheregulatorystructurecanproviderequireseconomicdriversforbusiness.Companies,withthehelpofindustrygroupsandstrongcorporateenvironmentalcommitments,haveparlayedconsumerinterestinenvironmentalprotectionintobusinessopportunities.Guidingprinciplesandcodesofpracticehavebeendevelopedoverthepasteighttotenyearsbyavarietyoforganizationsforusebybusinessandindustrytoimproveenvironmentalperformanceandpromotesustainabledevelopment,includ-ingassociationsrepresentingindustriessuchaschemicalmanufacturing,agricultural,petroleumandenergy,paper,travelandtourism,andengineering.Otherprogramshavebeendevelopedbynongovernmentalandeconomicorganizations;environmentalandbusinessgroupshavealsodevel-opedrecommendations.Thesevoluntaryguidelinesaddressenvironmentalmanagement,sustain-ability,environmentalreporting,environmentalandproductstewardship,pollutionprevention,andresponsetoemergencies.Theyaredesignedtopromotesustainablebusinesspracticesandhavebeenadoptedbyhundredsofcompaniesworldwide.Someoftheseguidingprinciplesinclude•BellagioPrinciples•BerlinGuidelines(miningandenvironmentguidelines)•CERESPrinciples•CharterforEnvironmentalActionintheInternationalHotelandCateringIndustry(ThePrinceofWalesBusinessLeadersForum)•CharterofEthicsforTourismandtheEnvironment(AllianceInternationaledeTourisme)•CodeforEnvironmentallyResponsibleTourism(PacificAsiaTravelAssociation)•CodeofBestAgriculturalPracticestoOptimizeFertilizerUse(Europe)•CodeofEthicsfortheIndustry(TourismIndustryAssociationofCanada)•CodesofManagementPractice(ChemicalIndustryofFinland)Chap7.fmPage147Sunday,August19,200112:33PM1999CRCPressLLC•CodesofPractice(forworkplaceinjuriesandenvironmentalperformanceindicators,NewZealandChemicalIndustryCouncil)•DeclarationoftheBusinessCouncilonSustainableDevelopment•EnvironmentalCodeofPractice(CanadianPetroleumAssociation)•EnvironmentalGuidelines(EuropeanPetroleumIndustryAssociation)•EnvironmentalPolicyStatement(AmericanIronandSteelInstitute)•EnvironmentalPrinciples(InternationalIronandSteelInstitute)•FAOInternationalCodeofConductontheDistributionandUseofPesticides•GuideforEnvironmentalPractice(TheMiningAssociationofCanada)•GuidelinesforEnvironmentalCareandProtectioninFinnishIndustry•ICCBusinessCharterforSustainableDevelopment•IndustrialEnvironmentalPolicy(FederationofSwedishIndustries)•InternationalCouncilonMetalsandtheEnvironment•KeidanrenPrinciples•MissionStatement(PetroleumAssociationforConservationoftheEnvironment)•MissionStatement(TheInstituteofPetroleum,U.K.)•PERIGuidelines•ProductStewardshipProgram(LeadIndustriesAssociation)•ResponsibleCare(ChemicalManufacturersAssociation)•StatementontheEnvironment(BusinessandIndustryAdvisoryCommitteetotheOECD)•StatementofEnvironmentalPolicyandCodeofConduct(EuropeanCommitteeofElectricitySupplyUndertakings)•StatementoftheInternationalLeatherIndustryPrinciplesforImprovedEnvironmental,HealthandSafetyPerformance(InternationalCouncilofTanners)•StrategiesforToday’sEnvironmentalPartnershipProgram(AmericanPetroleumInsti-tute)BELLAGIOPRINCIPLESIn1987,theWorldCommissiononEnvironmentandDevelopment(BrundtlandCommission)calledforthedevelopmentofnewwaystomeasureandassessprogresstowardsustainabledevelopment.ThiscallhasbeensubsequentlyechoedinAgenda21ofthe1992EarthSummitandthroughactivitiesthatrangefromlocaltoglobalinscale.Inresponse,significanteffortstoassessperfor-mancehavebeenmadebycorporations,nongovernmentorganizations,academics,communities,nations,andinternationalorganizations.InNovember1996,aninternationalgroupofmeasurementpractitionersandresearchersfromfivecontinentscametogetherattheRockefellerFoundation’sStudyandConferenceCenterinBellagio,Italytoreviewprogresstodateandtosynthesizeinsightsfrompracticalongoingefforts.Theattachedprinciplesresultedandwereunanimouslyendorsed.Theseprinciplesdealwithfouraspectsofassessingprogresstowardsustainabledevelopment.Principle1dealswiththestartingpointofanyassessment-establishingavisionofsustainabledevelopmentandcleargoalsthatprovideapracticaldefinitionofthatvisionintermsthataremeaningfulforthedecision-makingunitinquestion.Principles2through5dealwiththecontentofanyassessmentandtheneedtomergeasenseoftheoverallsystemwithapracticalfocusoncurrentpriorityissues.Principles6through8dealwithkeyissuesoftheprocessofassessment,andPrinciples9and10dealwiththenecessityforestablishingacontinuingcapacityforassessment.1.GuidingVisionandGoalsAssessmentofprogresstowardsustainabledevelopmentshouldbeguidedbyaclearvisionofsustainabledevelopmentandgoalsdefiningthatvision.Chap7.fmPage148Sunday,August19,2001