chapter3Eukarya1

Chapter3EukaryoticMicroorganismsAlgae（藻类）:PhototrophiceukaryoticmicroorganismsFungus（真菌）:NonphotosyntheticeukaryoticmicroorganismsthatcontainrigidcellwallsProtozoa（原生动物）:unicellulareukaryoticmicroorganismsthatlackcellwallsMetozoa（后生动物）:multicellulareukaryoticmicroorganismsAlgaeMostAlgaearegreenincolorColorofAlgaeMostalgaearegreenincolor.AfewalgaeappearbrownorredasotherpigmentsincludingcarotenoidsarepresentthatmaskgreenClassificationofAlgaeChlorophyll（叶绿素）CarbonReservePolymersCellWallStructureTypeofMotilityFungi:Molds,YeastsandMushroomsHabitatsdiverse:aquaticinfreshwaterormarine,terrestrialinsoilorondeadplant,afewarehumanparasiticHaverigidcellwalls(resembleplantcellwallsarchitecturally,notchemically)containingchitin(somewithmannans,galactosans,chitosansinsteadofchitin)Fungalcellwallsare80-90%polysaccharide(多糖）,withproteins,lipids,polyphosphatesandinorganicionsmakingupthewall-cementingmatrixClassificationofFungiBasedonmorphologicalpropertiessexuallifecyclesMolds:filamentousfungiHypha(hyphae):asinglefilamentMycelium:hyphaegrowtogetherformedtuftsConidia:asexualspores,pigmented,resistanttodryingBlackBreadMoldPenicillumMoldYeasts:unicellularfungi(ascomycetes)Division:buddingDonotformfilamentsSomeformfilamentsSomecanmate.BreadYeastMushroom:filamentousfungithattypicallyformlargestructurescalledfruitingbodiesBasidiosporereleasedfrombasidiaSlimemolds:phenotypicallysimilartobothfungiandprotozoaAcellularslimemoldsgrowingonadecayinglogAcellularslimemoldsgrowingonanagarsurfaceCellularslimemolds:vegetativeformscomposedofsingleamebalikecells.Acellularslimemolds:vegetativeformscomposedofindefinitesizeandshapeProtozoaColorlessMotiledistinguishedfromprokaryotesbytheirgreatersizeandeukaryoticnaturedistinguishedfromalgaebytheirgreaterlackofchlorophylldistinguishedfromyeastsandotherfungibytheirmobilityandlackofcellwalldistinguishedfromslimemoldsbytheirlackoffruitingbodyformationManyofthemareparasiticinotheranimalsandhuman营养类型全动性营养（holozonic）植物性营养（holophytic）腐生性营养（saprophytic）Amoeba（变形虫）Ciliate（纤毛虫草履虫）Flagellate（鞭毛虫）Sporozoan(孢子虫疟原虫)原生动物在废水生物处理过程中作用指标作用净化作用促进絮凝和沉淀作用钟虫Metozoa(微型后生动物)Rotifer（轮虫）