ChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElec

ChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysisInChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysis;Miller,J.;ACSSymposiumSeries;AmericanChemicalSociety:Washington,DC,1982.InChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysis;Miller,J.;ACSSymposiumSeries;AmericanChemicalSociety:Washington,DC,1982.ChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysisJoelS.Miller,EDITOROccidentalResearchCorporationBasedonasymposiumjointlysponsoredbytheDivisionsofInorganic,Analytical,andPetroleumChemistryatthe182ndACSNationalMeeting,NewYork,NewYork,August23-25,1981ACSSYMPOSIUMSERIES192AMERICANCHEMICALSOCIETYWASHINGTON,D.C.1982InChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysis;Miller,J.;ACSSymposiumSeries;AmericanChemicalSociety:Washington,DC,1982.LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataChemicallymodifiedsurfacesincatalysisandelectro-catalysis.(ACSsymposiumseries,ISSN0097-6156;192)Includesbibliographiesand1.Materials—Surfaces—Congresses.2.Electrodes—Congresses.3.Catalysis—Congresses.I.Miller,JoelS.II.Series.TA418.7.C481982600.2'945382-8731ISBN0-8412-0727-5AACR2ACSMC81921-2921982Copyright©1982AmericanChemicalSocietyAllRightsReserved.Theappearanceofthecodeatthebottomofthefirstpageofeacharticleinthisvolumeindicatesthecopyrightowner'sconsentthatreprographiccopiesofthearticlemaybemadeforpersonalorinternaluseorforthepersonalorinternaluseofspecificclients.Thisconsentisgivenonthecondition,however,thatthecopierpaythestatedpercopyfeethroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.forcopyingbeyondthatpermittedbySections107or108oftheU.S.CopyrightLaw.Thisconsentdoesnotextendtocopyingoitransmissionbyanymeans—graphicorelectronic—foranyotherpurpose,suchasforgeneraldistribution,foradvertisingorpromotionalpurposes,forcreatingnewcollectivework,forresale,orforinformationstorageandretrievalsystems.Thecitationoftradenamesand/ornamesofmanufacturersinthispublicationisnottobeconstruedasanendorsementorasapprovalbyACSofthecommercialproductsorservicesreferencedherein;norshouldthemerereferencehereintoanydrawing,specification,chemicalprocess,orotherdataberegardedasalicenseorasaconveyanceofanyrightorpermission,tctheholder,reader,oranyotherpersonorcorporation,tomanufacture,repro­duce,use,orsellanypatentedinventionorcopyrightedworkthatmayinanywayberelatedthereto.PRINTEDINTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAInChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysis;Miller,J.;ACSSymposiumSeries;AmericanChemicalSociety:Washington,DC,1982.ACSSymposiumSeriesM.JoaComstockSeriesEditorAdvisoryBoardDavidL.AllaraRobertBakerDonaldD.DollbergRobertE.FeeneyBrianM.HarneyW.JeffreyHoweJamesD.Idol,Jr.HerbertD.KaeszMarvinMargoshesRobertOryLeonPetrakisTheodoreProvderCharlesN.SatterfieldDennisSchuetzleDavisL.Temple,Jr.GunterZweigInChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysis;Miller,J.;ACSSymposiumSeries;AmericanChemicalSociety:Washington,DC,1982.FOREWORDTheACSSYMPOSIUMSERIESwasfoundedin1974toprovideamediumforpublishingsymposiaquicklyinbookform.TheformatoftheSeriesparallelsthatofthecontinuingADVANCESINCHEMISTRYSERIESexceptthatinordertosavetimethepapersarenottypesetbutarereproducedastheyaresub­mittedbytheauthorsincamera-readyform.Papersarere­viewedunderthesupervisionoftheEditorswiththeassistanceoftheSeriesAdvisoryBoardandareselectedtomaintaintheintegrityofthesymposia;however,verbatimreproductionsofpreviouslypublishedpapersarenotaccepted.Bothreviewsandreportsofresearchareacceptablesincesymposiamayembracebothtypesofpresentation.InChemicallyModifiedSurfacesinCatalysisandElectrocatalysis;Miller,J.;ACSSymposiumSeries;AmericanChemicalSociety:Washington,DC,1982.PREFACEALTMANYACADEMICANDINDUSTRIALRESEARCHLABORATORIES,surfacescientistsaswellasinorganic,organic,polymer,andanalyticalchemistshavefocusedonthechemicalmodificationofsurfacestoalterthebulkpropertiesofmaterials.Chemicalbondingofsubstituentgroupstosurfaceshasbeenusedtoachievecatalytic,electrontransfer,surfacewetting,corro­sionresistance,photochemical,andpolymerbindingpropertiesthatbulkmaterialsinherentlydonotheseareasassyntheticandevelopedandexploited.Thetypesofmaterialsthathavebeenchemicallymodifiedrangefrominorganicsolids(suchassemiconductingtitaniumdioxideandtindioxide)throughalumina,silica,andsilicates(suchasclays)aswellasorderedmaterialsuchaszirconiumphosphates.Incon­trast,organicmaterialsrangingfromthesemimetalgraphitetopolymers,suchasinsulatingpolystyreneandtheunusualconductorpolypyrrole,havebeenofmajorconcerninnumerousresearchlaboratoriesthroughouttheworld.Majorconcernsaretheavailabilityandlimitationsoftheanalyticaltechniquesnecessarytodeterminethatsurfacemodificationhasoccurred,andtheextenttowhichkhasoccurred.Herein,thestate-of-the-artofthechemicalmodificationofsurfacesispresentedby17chaptersthatalsodiscussthenatureofthebindingofthependantgroupstothesurfaceandtheirfrequencyandspatialdistributions.Theprincipalfocusinthesechaptersisonmodificationofmaterialsforcatalyticpurposesandthemodificationoforganicandinorganicelectrodematerialsforelectrocata-lyticandphotoelectrochemicalapplications.JOELS.MILLEROcc