CO2温室气体减排现状及对策孙丽梅

第26卷第3期上海电力学院学报Vo.l26,No.320106JournalofShanghaiUniversityofElectricPowerJune2010:1006-4729(2010)03-0237-05CO2:2009-06-30:(1963-),,,,..E-mai:[e-mail].1,2(1.,200090;2.,100012):.,.,,.:CO2;;:X511:ACO2GreenhouseGasReductionSituationandCounter-measuresSUNL-imei1,BAIYan-ying2(1.SchoolofThermalPowerandEnvironmentalEngineering,ShanghaiUniversityofElectricPower,Shanghai200090,China;2.CleanerProductionCenter,ChinaEnvironmentScienceAcademe,Beijing100012,China)Abstract:Greenhousegasemissionsaremostlycausedbythedevelopedcountries.Thecurrentsituationofgreenhousegasreductionforthedevelopedcountriesonthewholeisnotoptimisticandthegreenhousegasemissionsofsomedevelopedcountriesarecontinuouslyincreasing.Thepapersummurizesandanalyzespoliciesandmeasuresofgreenhousegasreductionandemmissionfromdevelopedcountries.SomecountermeasuresforgreenhousegasreductioninChinaareputforwardbasedontherealconditionofenergystructureofChina.Keywords:CO2greenhousegas;reductiontechnology;reductioncountermeasure,..[1],CO2,CH4,NxO,,CO2280mL/m32005379mL/m3,CH4715L/m320051774L/m3,NxO270L/m32005319L/m3.CO2,,.,3:CO2,;;/,.,,.,.1,(GDP),,.2050,2070,GDP19502,3.20,,CO2,.1751~1860100,CO2;1861~195090,CO2CO295%;1950,CO2[2].1951~200050,20%77%,[3].1997123,,2008~2012,19905%,8%.[4],19901.73191010t(CO2),200020051.62571010t1.64651010t(CO2),19906.1%4.9%.,5%,,,5%,.()2000200519907.6%9.3%,.,2005199016.7%;7.1%,54.2%.,200519904%,,.,.(UNDP)2007~2008[3],,.,2%,8%.1990,CO21/4,1/4.:,,;,,;,,.2,,,.3,(JI)(CDM)(IET),..(1),,2382010,,,.21,2005~2010200.2005[5],,,.10145,.,,,1020%,,.2006,[6],,,.(2),,.,.,;,,,,[7].[21],,,;,.,,,(EU-ETS)20051,.,,,.(3),,CO2,,.,,,.2007[8],,CO240%.3,,(),.[9],15,2050CO2500mL/m3.157.155.(1).(2),CO2CO2.(3).(4)().(5)CO2CO2.,CO2,[10-14].CO23.(1),,.(CO2,),CO2.,./239,:CO2.(2),.,60%.(3),38%.CO23.(1)CO2,CO2[15-17],,CO2,pH..(2),500MW2000m2CO2,.(3)CO2[18-21].CO2,CO2.CO2()().,20094CO2[22],CO2,CO2.4CO2,.,75%,65%,,,,.,,,,,,.:[1]IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Climatechange2007:summaryforpolicymakers[M].UK:CambridgeUniversityPress,2007:1-5.[2].[R].:,2007:1-3.[3]UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme(UNDP).Humand-evelopmentreport2007/2008[R].NewYork:PalgraveMacmillanPress,2007:1-8.[4]UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).Nationalgreenhousegasinventorydatafortheperiod1990-2005[R].UNFCCCSecretariat,2007.[5]Energypolicyactof2005.Publiclaw109-58-Aug[R].SenateandhouseofrepresentativesoftheunitedstatesofAmerica,2005.[6]ClimateChangeTechnologyPlan(CCTP).U.S.climatech-angetechnologystrategicplanDOE/PI-0005[R].US:DOE,2006.[7]CommissionoftheEuropeanCommunities.Europeanclimatechangeprogramme[R].EuropeanCommission,2006.[8][N/OL][2007-6-12].,[9]PAEALAS,SOCOLOWR.Stabilizationwedges:solvingtheclimateproblemforthenext50yearswithcurrenttechnologies[J].Science,2004,30(5):968-972.[10],,,.[J].,2004,(4):196-200.[11]HOFFERTMI.Advancedtechnologypathstoglobalclimatestability:energyforagreenhouseplanet[J].Science,2002,(1):981-987.[12]STANGELANDA.AmodelfortheCO2capturepotential[J].InternationalJournalofGreenhouseGasContro,l2007,1(4):418-429.[13],.[J].2402010,2006,35(5):354-358.[14]McFARLANDJR,HERZOGHJ.Incorporatingcarboncaptureandstoragetechnologiesinintegratedassessment-models[J].EnergyEconomics,2006,28(5-6):632-650.[15]SERVANTJ.CarboncyclevariationsontheEaChssurface-duringthelasttwoglacialcycles[J].AtmosphericResearch,1993,30(4):223-232.[16]AMETISTOVAL,TWIDELLJ,BRIDENJ.Thesequestration-switch:removingindustrialCO2bydirectoceanabsorption[J].TheScienceofTheTotalEnvironment,2002,289(1-3):213-223.[17]DEBAARHJW.Optionsforenhancingthestorageofcarbondioxideintheoceans:Areview[J].EnergyConversionandManagement,1992,33(5-8):635-641.[18]COOKPJ,BENSONSM.Overviewandcurrentissuesingeo-logicalstorageofcarbondioxide[J].GreenhouseGasControlTechnologies,2005,(7):15-20.[19]FRIEDMANNSJ,DOOLEYJJ,HELDHEdenhoferO.ThelowcostofgeologicalassessmentforundergroundCO2storage:Policyandeconomicimplications[J].EnergyConversionandManagement,2006,47(13-14):1894-1901.[20]HOLLOWAYS,PEARCEJM,HARDSVL,etal.NaturalemissionsofCO2fromthegeosphereandtheirbeatingonthegeologicalstorageofcarbondioxide[J].Energy,2007,32(7):1194-1201.[21]AKIMOTOK,TAKAGIM,TOMODAT.EconomicevaluationofthegeologicalstorageofCO2consideringthescaleofeconomy[J].InternationalJournalofGreenhouseGasContro,l2007,1(2):271-279.[22][N/OL].,[2009-04-07].(222):I1=1.3046+0.8273i=1.544832.38AI2=1.5634-0.35i=1.6021-12.62A4,i1i25..45i1i24,,,.,,.,,,,.:[1].[M].:,1999:342-345.[2].MATLAB[M].:,2004:200-207.[3],.MATLAB[J].,2008,30(9):135-137.[4].MATLAB[M].:,2002:107-127.241,:CO2