CRCPressEnvironmentalEngineeringDictionaryandDirec

Thisbookcontainsinformationobtainedfromauthenticandhighlyregardedsources.Reprintedmaterialisquotedwithpermission,andsourcesareindicated.Awidevarietyofreferencesarelisted.Reasonableeffortshavebeenmadetopublishreliabledataandinformation,buttheauthorandthepublishercannotassumeresponsibilityforthevalidityofallmaterialsorfortheconsequencesoftheiruse.Neitherthisbooknoranypartmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,microfilming,andrecording,orbyanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.TheconsentofCRCPressLLCdoesnotextendtocopyingforgeneraldistribution,forpromotion,forcreatingnewworks,orforresale.SpecificpermissionmustbeobtainedinwritingfromCRCPressLLCforsuchcopying.DirectallinquiriestoCRCPressLLC,2000N.W.CorporateBlvd.,BocaRaton,Florida33431.TrademarkNotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation,withoutintenttoinfringe.©2001byCRCPressLLCLewisPublishersisanimprintofCRCPressLLCNoclaimtooriginalU.S.GovernmentworksInternationalStandardBookNumber1-56670-543-6LibraryofCongressCardNumber00-044356PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica1234567890Printedonacid-freepaperLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataPankratz,TomM.Environmentalengineeringdictionaryanddirectory/ThomasM.Pankratz.p.cm.ISBN1-56670-543-6(alk.paper)1.Environmentalengineering--Dictionaries.2.Brandnameproducts--Dictionaries.3.Trademarks--Dictionaries.4.Environmentalengineering--Directories.I.Title.TD9.P362000628--dc2100-044356PrefaceThisbookhasbeenwrittentohelpprofessionals,students,andlaypeopleidentifytheincreasingnumberoftermsinthefieldsofenvironmentalengineeringandscience.Morethan8000terms,acronyms,andabbreviationsapplyingtowastewater,potablewater,industrialwatertreatment,seawaterdesalination,airpollution,incin-eration,andhazardouswasteremediationhavebeendefined.Themostuniquefeatureofthisbookistheinclusionofmorethan3000trade-marksandbrandnames.Manyofthesecommercialtermsforproprietaryproductsorprocessesaresocommonordescriptivethattheyhavefallenintogeneraluse.Thisconfusioniscompoundedbythefactthatmanytermscontainsimilarprefixes(e.g.,bio-,enviro-,hydra-,hydro-,etc.)anditisoftendifficulttotellthemapart.ThisbookoriginatesfromScreeningEquipmentHandbook,firstpublishedin1988,whoseglossarycontainsalistofscreening-relatedtrademarksandbrandnamesalongwiththeircompanyaffiliation.Eventhoughthatlistwasrelativelyshort,asurprisinglylargenumberofcompanieshadcomeandgoneorchangedtheirnamesthroughmergersoracquisitions.Thisledtoanexpandeddirectoryentitled,TheDictionaryofWaterandWastewaterTreatmentTrademarksandBrandNames,publishedin1991,andwhichcontained1200commercialterms.TheConciseDictionaryofEnvironmentalEngineeringfollowedin1996.Inadditiontothe2200commercialterms,itwasfurtherexpandedtoinclude3000genericenvironmentalengineeringterms.Shortlyafteritwaspublished,theenvi-ronmentalequipmentmanufacturingindustrybeganaconsolidationledbyUSFilter,Waterlink,BakerHughes,ITT,F.B.Leopold,andothersthathasresultedinchangesto43%ofthetermsincludedinthe1996edition.Duringtheresearchforthisbook,manyotherbooks,magazines,dictionaries,glossaries,buyer’sguides,catalogs,brochures,andtechnicalpaperswerereviewedtolocatenewtermsandtheirdefinitions.Althoughtherearetoomanyreferencestolist,Iwouldliketoacknowledgethehelpofthesepublicationsandtheirauthors.Inadditiontotechnicallyreviewingthisbook,JohnB.Tonnerwasespeciallyhelpfulwithhissuggestions,advice,researchassistance,andcomputerwizardry.RegardlessofwhenIwouldcall,Johnwasalwaysavailabletohelp.His’mgratefulfortheassistanceofthemanyfriendsandcolleagueswhosuggestednewtermsandchallengedoldones,helpedwithdefinitions,providedencouragement,orassistedinthebook’sproduction.SomeofthesepeopleincludeRobertW.Brown,GordonCarter,BillCopa,ChadDannemann,JimForce,JackGardiner,DuaneGermenis,StacieJones,JohnMeidl,MackMoore,ChadPankratz,BillPerpich,BarbPetroff,JimSymons,MarkWilson,andJoeZuback.Likethefirstedition,publishedin1996,muchofmyworkonthisbooktookplacewhiletraveling;therestwasdoneintheeveningsandweekends.Iwouldneverhavebeenabletofinishwithoutthecontinuedpatienceandsupportofmywife,Julie,andourchildren,Chad,Sarah,Mike,andKatie.Thisbookisdedicatedtomywife,JulieLynnPankratz,andourgrandson,GabrielR.Suarez,whowasbornthesamedaythisbookwascompleted.TomPankratzIntroductionThisdictionarycontainstermsusedinthefieldsofenvironmentalengineeringandenvironmentalscience,andthedefinitionsprovidedrelatetotheiruseinanenvi-ronmentalcontextonly.Thecommercialtermsrepresentcompanybrandnamesortrademarks,andhavebeenitalicizedtodifferentiatethemfromthetechnicalt