Designofwetlandmonitoringsystembasedontheinterneto

ProcediaEnvironmentalSciences10(2011)1046–10511878-0296©2011PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Selectionand/orpeer-reviewunderresponsibilityofConferenceESIAT2011OrganizationCommittee.doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2011.09.167Availableonlineat(2011)000–000，a*aSchoolofComputerScienceandTechnology,NanjingUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Nanjing,ChinabDept.ofComputerScience,ChizhouCollege,Chizhou,Anhui,ChinaAbstractTosatisfytherequirementofwetlandmonitor,proposedthemonitoringsystembasedontheInternetofThings.Thesystemcanreal-time,remoteandautomaticallymonitorthewetland.Presentedthesamplingsystembasedonwirelesssensornetwork,wirelesscommunicationsystemandsoftwareindetail.Thissystemrealizesreal-timeandaccuratesamplingdataofwetlandthatisimportantforprotectionofwetland.©2011PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Selectionand/orpeer-reviewunderresponsibilityof[nameorganizer]Keywords:InternetofThings,wetland,monitor1.IntroductionWetlandisaspecialecosystemformedbyinteractionbetweenwaterandlandonEarthwithavarietyoffunctionsandvalues,andalsocalledthreeecosystemsintheworldwithforestsandoceans[1][2].Inrecentyears,withthemodernlevelofthecontinuousimprovement,thecontinuousexpansionofcityscaleandexpandingthescopeofhumanactivities,wetlandareainourcountrycontinuouslyshrink.Wetlandissubjectedtodifferentdegreesofdamage.Soprotectionofwetlandshasbecomemoreandmoreimportant.Environmentalmonitoringofwetlandsisanimportantpartofwetlandconservation,themonitordataisimportantbasisforscientificforecastsandreasonableprotectiontothesystem.*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:[phone];fax:[phone].E-mailaddress:[e-mail].©2011PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Selectionand/orpeer-reviewunderresponsibilityofConferenceESIAT2011OrganizationCommittee.1047ShuaiXiaoyingandQianHuanyan/ProcediaEnvironmentalSciences10(2011)1046–10512ShuaiXiaoyingQianHuanyan/ProcediaEnvironmentalSciences00(2011)000–000Aimatthecharacteristicsofwetland,monitoringsystemusingtheInternetofThings(IoT)technologytocarryoutreal-timeautomaticmonitor.IoTisanovelparadigmthatisrapidlygaininggroundinthescenarioofmodernwirelesscommunications,usingwirelesssensornetworksandwirelesscommunicationtechnologytoachieveInternetofThings.Makeuseofthewirelesssensornodesdistributedinthewetlandenvironmenttocollectwaterquality,meteorological,soilandothermonitoringparameters,transferdatatomonitoringcenterthroughthewirelesscommunicationnetworks,thecenteranalysisandprocessdata,andrealtimeinformation.ThewetlandmonitoringsystembasedonIoTachievedreal-timeacquisitionparametersofenvironmentautomatically.Thesystemhascostlow,easytoimplementandlittleeffectonthewetlandenvironment.Thesystemprovidesareasonablebasisforrationaluseandscientificprotectionofwetland.2.TheInternetofThingsThetermofIoTwasfirstusedbyKevinAshtonin1998,hasgainedmoreandmoredevelopmentstoday[3].IoTisanetworkthatconnectsanythingtotheInternetcanexchangeinformationthroughRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID),sensornetworks,GlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)andotherinformationsensingdevices,accordingtotheagreedprotocols,inordertoachieveintelligentidentify,locate,track,monitorandmanage[4][5].IoThasconnectivityforanytime,anywhere,anyoneandanything.IoTarchitecturecanbedividedinto:sensorlayer,networklayerandapplicationlayer,asshowninFig1.Fig.1.InternetofThingsSystemArchitectureTechnically,thearchitectureisbasedonRFID,sensortechnologies,smartthingsandnetworkcommunication,etc.RFIDhasalonghistorythatusedradiowavetoconnecteverythingtonetworks[6].RFIDsystemiscomposedofthreebasiccomponents:RFIDtag,RFIDinterrogatorandthebackendsystem.Thetagischaracterizedbyauniqueidentifier.Theinterrogatortriggersthetagtransmissionbygeneratinganappropriatesignal.Thebackendsystemlinkstheinterrogatortoacentralizeddatabase.Datacollectionwillbenefitfromsensortechnologieswhichcandetectchangesinthephysicalstatusofthings,andthenshort-distancewirelesstransmissiontechnologiesusedtotransmitdata.WirelessSensorNetwork(WSN)mayconsistofhundredsorthousandsofhomogeneousorheterogeneouswirelesssensornodestogatherinformationornetworkdatacollectionsinkrouting.Itspurposeiscooperativesensing,sampleandprocessingofinformationoftheperceivedobjectsinthenetworkcoveragearea,andWSN1048ShuaiXiaoyingandQianHuanyan/ProcediaEnvironmentalSciences10(2011)1046–1051ShuaiXiaoyingQianHuanyan/ProcediaEnvironmentalSciences00(2011)000–0003sendthemtoobservers[7].TheWSNnodesaretypicallycharacterizedbylow-powercapacity,reducedprocessandlimitedmemory,sothatsavingenergyistheimportancetechnology.MediumAccessControl(MAC)protocoldeterminesthemodeofaccessradiochannel,anditplaysakeyrolefortheperformanceofWSN.WSNresearcherscontinuedevelopinginnovativeandefficientMACprotocols[8].IEEE802.15.4specifiedMACandPHYforlowrateandshortrangewirelesspersonalareanetworks(