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HenryWadsworthLongfellowIShotanArrowIshotanarrowintotheair,我把一支箭射向空中ItfelltoearthIknewnotwhere;不知它落在何方Forsoswiftlyitflewthesight飞得那么快Couldnotfollowitinitsflight飞行.眼睛难以追寻它的方向Ibreathedasongintotheair,我对着天空轻轻唱歌ItfelltoearthIknewnotwhere;不知它消逝在何方Forwhohasthesightsokeenandstrong谁的眼光能如此敏锐犀利Thatcanfollowtheflightofasong.能跟上歌声的翅膀Long,longafterwardsinanoak,很久很久以后，在一棵橡树上Ifoundthearrowstillunbroke完整的;我找到了那支箭，仍未折断Andthesong,frombeginningtoend,也发现了那支歌，自始自终Ifoundagainintheheartofafriend.在朋友的心中欢唱Analysis:Whenheshotanarrowandbreathedasongintotheair,hedidnotexpecttofindthemanymore.Butmanyyearslater,hecameacrosswiththearrowandfoundthathissongwasalwaysintheheartofhisfriend.Thissuggeststhatthefriendshipiseverlasting.Thispoemiswritteninatraditionaliambicformwiththefeet“aabbaaccddee”.Inthepoem,Longfellowsingsthefriendshipimplicitlyandskillfully.Thearrowandthesonginthispoemstandforthefriendship.Structurally,thefirstandthesecondstanzadevelopinaparallelway,yetinthelaststanzathepoetjoinsthetwoindependentimageslogicallytogethertoindicatethestrengthoffantasticconceitinpoetry.APsalmofLife人生颂Tellmenot,inmornfulnumbers不要在哀伤的诗句里告诉我：Lifeisbutanemptydream!“人生不过是一场幻梦！”Forthesoulisdeadthatslumbers因为灵魂睡着了，就等于死了，Andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.事物的真相与外表不同。Analysis:Inthisopeningstanza,Longfellowdeclareshimselftobeabelieverinlifehereafter来世.Lifeisreal!Lifeisearnest!人生是真切的！人生是实在的！Andthegraveisnotitsgoal;它的归宿决不是荒坟；Dustthouart,todustreturnest,“你本是尘土，必归于尘土”，Wasnotspokenofthesoul.这是指躯壳，不是指灵魂。Analysis:Thesecondstanzacontinueswiththesamebeliefinafterlifethatispresentinthefirst.Longfellowstatesthisclearlywhenhewrites,Andthegraveisnotitsgoal.Itmeansthatlifedoesn'tendforpeoplesimplybecausetheydie;thereisalwayssomethingmoretobehopefulandoptimisticfor.Notenjoyment,andnotsorrow,我们命定的目标和道路Isourdestined命中注定的endorway;不是享乐，也不是受苦；Buttoact,thateachto-morrow而是行动，在每个明天Findusfartherthanto-day.都超越今天，跨出新步。Analysis:Longfellowbeginsdiscussinghowhumansmustlivetheirlivesinconstantanticipationforthenextdayunderthebeliefthatitwillbebetterthaneachdaybeforeit:Buttoactthateachto-morrow/Findusfartherthanto-day.Artislong,andTimeisfleeting,智艺无穷，时光飞逝；Andourhearts,thoughstout顽强的andbrave,这颗心，纵然勇敢坚强，Still,likemuffled捂住drums,arebeating也只如那鼓，闷声敲动着，Funeralmarches葬礼进行曲tothegrave.一下又一下，向坟地送丧。Analysis:Inthisstanza,Longfellowassertsthatthereisneveraninfiniteamountoftimetolive,butartthatiscreatedduringone'slifecanbepreservedindefinitelyandliveonlongafteritscreatordies.Intheworld'sbroadfieldofbattle,世界是一片辽阔的战场，Inthebivouac['bivuæk]露营oflife,人生是到处扎寨安营；Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!莫学那听人驱策的哑畜，Beaherointhestrife!奋斗,努力做一个威武善战的英雄！Analysis:Inthisstanza,Longfellowlikenslivingintheworldtofightingonahugefieldofbattle.Hebelievesthatpeopleshouldleadheroicandcourageouslivesandnotsitidleandremainineffectualwhiletheworldrapidlychangesaroundthem:Benotlikedumb,drivencattle!Beaherointhestrife!“TrustnoFuture,howe'erpleasant!别指望将来，不管它多可爱！LetthedeadPastburyitsdead!把已逝的过去永久掩埋！Act,--actinthelivingPresent!行动吧－－趁着活生生的现在！Heartwithin,andGodo'evhead!心中有赤心，头上有真宰！Analysis:Longfellowthenencourageseveryonetohavefaithandtrustthelordandnottorelyonanunknownfuturetobestableandsupportive.Headvisespeopletoseizethemomentstheyhavebeforethemandactwhilethinkingabouttheirpresentsituations.Livesofgreatmenallremindus伟人的生平启示我们：Wecanmakeourlivessublime壮丽的；高尚的,我们能够生活得高尚，And,departing死亡,leavebehindus而当告别人世的时候，Footprintsonthesandoftime;留下脚印在时间的沙上Analysis:Longfellowcontinueshispoembycitingthelivesofgreatandimportantmenwhowereabletoleadincrediblelivesandleavetheirmarks.Heviewsthesemenasrolemodelsforpeoplewhohaveyettolivetheirlives;Longfellowencourageshisreaderstoleavetheirownfootprintsonthesandsoftimeandbecomeimportant.Footprints,thatperhapsanother,也许我们有一个兄弟Sailingo'erlife'ssolemnmain大海,航行在庄严的人生大海，Aforlorn[fəˈlɔ:n]孤独凄凉的andshipwreckedbrother,遇险沉了船，绝望的时刻，Seeing,shalltakeheartagain.会看到这脚印而振作起来。Analysis:Inthisstanza,thesecondtolastinthepoem,continueswiththissamepoint.Itdescribeshowsuccessfulpeopleinthepasthavetheirlivescopied,whilethosewhofailedserveasexamplesofwaysoflifetoavoid.Thefinallinesofthepoemechothebeginningonesandofferperhapsthemostimportantadviceinapoemthatischockedfullofit.Longfellowencouragesalltoworkandtrytheirhardesttomaketheirlivesgreatandaccomplishasmuchastheycan.Letus,then,beupanddoing,那么，让我们起来干吧，Withaheartforanyfate;对任何命运要敢于担戴；Stillachieving,stillpursuing,不断地进取，不断地追求，Learntolaborandtowait.要善于劳动，善于等待。Analysis:Longfellowconveyshismessagethesamewayhedidintherestofthepoem:byspeakingdirectlytothereaderandprovidinghisreasoningforbelievinginsomethingmore,insomethingbetter.Longfellowensureshisfollowersthattherewardsforwhattheyachievewillcomeeventually-ifnotinthislifetime,then,certainly,inthenext.EdgarallanpoeSonnet-toscienceStructure:Thefirstquatrain,condemnsScienceasa“truedaughterofOldTime”andasa“Vulture”that“preyst...uponthepoet’sheart”Thesecondquatrain,posesrhetoricalquestionsaskinghowapoetcouldlike,respect,orjoinscience.Thethirdquatrain,accusesScienceofspoilingsomebeautifulmyths,suchasthatofDianaandtheHamadryad.Finally,theconcludingcoupletrev