ElectrocatalysisTheoreticalFoundationsandModel

·KolbLipkowski·Ross(Eds.)PhotoelectrochemicalMaterialsandEnergyConversionProcessesAdvancesinElectrochemicalScienceandEngineeringwwAdvancesinElectrochemicalScienceandEngineeringAESEVolume12PhotoelectrochemicalMaterialsandEnergyConversionProcessesAninternationalgroupofleadingscientistsfromthefieldhascontrib-utedtothe12thvolumeinthisseries,coveringarangeofdifferenttypesofsolarcellsandincludingacriticalcomparisonofthedifferenttech-niquesavailableformanufacturingthesemiconductorsneeded.Solarpowerisapromisinggreenenergysourceforthefuture,butatthepresentmanyfundamentalquestionsstillremainunanswered.Thisbookfocusesoninvestigatingsomeofthesecentralquestionsinthisinterdisciplinaryfield.Theresultisanexpertinsightintothecentralquestionssurroundingphotovoltaicmaterialsandsystems,reflectingthelatestdevelopmentsinthishotandtimelygreentopic.Thishandyreferenceisamust-haveforElectrochemists,PhysicalChemists,SurfaceChemists,MaterialsScientists,Physicists,andMaterialsScientists.Theeditors:RichardC.Alkire,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,UniversityofIllinois,Urbana,USADieterM.Kolb,InstituteofElectrochemistry,UniversityofUlm,GermanyJacekLipkowski,DepartmentofChemistry,UniversityofGuelph,CanadaPhilipN.Ross,MaterialsScienceDepartment,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratory,Berkeley,USAAlkire,Kibler,Kolb,Lipkowski(Eds.)Volume14ElectrocatalysisTheoreticalFoundationsandModelExperimentsAdvancesinElectrochemicalScienceandEngineeringVolume14ElectrocatalysisAdvancesinElectrochemicalScienceandEngineeringAdvisoryBoardPhilippeAllongue,EcolePolytechnique,Palaiseau,FranceA.RobertHillman,UniversityofLeicester,Leicester,UKTetsuyaOsaka,WasedaUniversity,Tokyo,JapanLaurencePeter,UniversityofBath,Bath,UKLubomyrT.Romankiw,IBMWatsonResearchCenter,YorktownHeights,USAShi-GangSun,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen,ChinaEstherTakeuchi,SUNYStonyBrook,StonyBrook;andBrookhavenNationalLaboratory,Brookhaven,USAMarkW.Verbrugge,GeneralMotorsResearchandDevelopment,Warren,MI,USAAdvancesinElectrochemicalScienceandEngineeringVolume14ElectrocatalysisEditedbyRichardC.Alkire,DieterM.Kolby,LudwigA.Kibler,andJacekLipkowskiTheEditorsRichardC.AlkireDepartmentofChemicalandBiomolecularEngineeringUniversityofIllinoisUrbana,IL61801UnitedStatesLudwigA.KiblerInstituteofElectrochemistryUniversityofUlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee4789081UlmGermanyDieterM.KolbyInstituteofElectrochemistryUniversityofUlmAlbert-Einstein-Allee4789081UlmGermanyJacekLipkowskiDepartmentofChemistryUniversityofGuelphN1G2W1Guelph,OntarioCanadaAllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHarecarefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authors,editors,andpublisherdonotwarranttheinformationcontainedinthesebooks,includingthisbook,tobefreeoferrors.Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthatstatements,data,illustrations,proceduraldetailsorotheritemsmayinadvertentlybeinaccurate.LibraryofCongressCardNo.:appliedforBritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothekTheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutscheNationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInternetat(includingthoseoftranslationintootherlanguages).Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyform–byphotoprinting,microfilm,oranyothermeans–nortransmittedortranslatedintoamachinelanguagewithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers.Registerednames,trademarks,etc.usedinthisbook,evenwhennotspecificallymarkedassuch,arenottobeconsideredunprotectedbylaw.PrintISBN:978-3-527-33227-4ePDFISBN:978-3-527-68046-7ePubISBN:978-3-527-68045-0mobiISBN:978-3-527-68044-3oBookISBN:978-3-527-68043-6CoverDesignSchulzGrafik-Design,FubgonheimSchulzGrafik-Design,Fußg€onheimTypesettingThomsonDigital,Noida,IndiaPrintingandBindingbetz-druckGmbH,DarmstadtPrintedintheFederalrepublicofGermanyPrintedonacid-freepaperInMemoriamProf.Dr.DieterM.Kolb(1942–2011)DieterM.KolbhasbeentheHeadoftheInstituteofElectrochemistryattheUniversityofUlm,Germany,from1990to2010,andhasservedasCo-Editorofthisseriessince1997.ItiswithdeepsadnesstoreportthatProfessorKolbpassedawayonOctober4,2011.Heiswellknownforhiscontributionstothefundamentalunderstandingofelectrochemicalphenomena.Inparticular,hewasamongthefoundersofelectrochemicalsurfacesciencebycombiningclassicalelectrochemicalunderstandingwithatomic-levelinformationobtainedbymodernsurfacesciencetechniqueslikethein-situscanningtunnelingmicroscopy(STM).Thesescientificactivitieshavestimulatednotonlyrelatedresearchinotherelectrochemicallaborato-riesbutalsostudiesofnon-electrochemistsinthefieldofinterfacialelectrochemistry.Hisscientificaccomplishmentsincludeinitialstagesofmetaldepositiontogetherwithunderpotentialdepositionofforeignmetalsonsinglecrystalsubstrates,nanostructuringofelectrodesurfacesbymetalclustersgeneratedatthetipofanSTM,surfacereconstructionofgoldelectrodes,metallizationoforganiclayers,andelectrocatalysis.Byusingwell-definedelectrodesurfaces,heobtainedunprecedentedinsightsintothenatureofel