Interactionbetweenmicroorganismsandheavymethalsand

3133112(1,110016;2,361021),,;,,....1001-9332(2002)02-0239-04X172AInteractionbetweenmicroorganismsandheavymethalsanditsapplication.CHENSuhua1,SUNTiehang1,ZHOUQixing1andWUGuoping2(1InstituteofAppliedEcology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Shenyang110016;2FisheriesDepartment,JimeiUniversity,Xiamen361021).2Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2002,13(2):239242.Interactionsbetweenmicroorganismsandheavymetalswereexpatiatedinmanyways.Becauseoftheirresistanceanddetoxificationtoheavymetals,microorganismsareabletoleach,absorbandtransformheavymetals,whichhasbeenactivelyappliedtoextractheavymetalsfromlow2rateoreinmineexploitaion.Althoughheavymetalsaretoxictomicroorganismspopulationandharmfultoitsprocesses,somespecialmicroorganismshavebeenap2pliedtothetreatmentofindustrialwastematerialsandtheremediationofsoilspollutedbyheavymetals.Theap2plicationofmicrobiologicalbiomassandactivitytoevaluatingthepollutionsituationandecologicalriskofheavymethalsinenvironmentmediaisalsosignificant.KeywordsMicroorganism,Heavymetal,Mineexploitation,Pollutionevaluation,Environmentprotection.3(G1999011808).33.2001-08-21,2001-08-27.1,,,,,,,.,.,,,.,,[3,5,22].,,,..,,,.()..221121111KNaCaMg,,.Cu;ZnRNADNA;CoB12;Mo,[25].21112[6,17].,.21113.,;.20022132CHINESEJOURNALOFAPPLIEDECOLOGY,Feb.2002,13(2)239242:.,().,.,,.DLVO,,(f)(G):f(h)=-dG(h)/dh(h)...ChalleyBull,Ag300mgg-1[4].1998Brierly,,390mgAu94mgAu436mgSe.,.(H2S),..,(Desuifovibrio)(Desulfotomaculcum);,,Zoogloearamigera,,.()HPO2-4[4].21114,,.4[11,12]:1).2),2,.,()Fe2+S(H2SS2O2-3),.,(Pu4+Pu3+,Hg2+Hg,Fe3+Mn4+,,GeospirillumarsenophilusGeospirillumbornseiiChrysio2genesarsenatisAs5+,As3+,As).3),,.4)(pH),..212,,,.(HgCdPb).Hg,,,;Cd,;Pb,;[26],,As[1,13].3311,,,.20,AuCu,,.Cu10%[24]..,,22.,.[20],,,,,.,,.,,,,104,,.().10.AuAgPt,94%98%.,46t-1,,[4].04213.[4],.Smith[21],(Mycobacteriumphlei),,.,.,,,:,.,,.LyalikovaExpanum698,.250mgL-1,,0.32%0.76%,42.1%92.9%;,,.312[2,12,19],,.,(DNA),,.Houba[8]Cd,.[28],.,,,,;,,Natural(Cu100mgL-1)35,(1000mgL-1)25,(10000mgL-1)13[7,23].31331311(T.fe),.,.,,,,.,,,,.,.,CantafioThaueraselenatis98%Se,NO-3[9].GeobactermetallireducensShewanellaputrefa2ciensTc7+.Fe3+Co3+2EDTACo3+Co2+.:Co3+2EDTA,Co2+EDTA,Co.31312.,,.:.;.,Cr.,Cr6+Cr3+.Cr6+.Cr.,U6+U6+CO2.Fe2+Cr6+[14].,..,.,2,[15,16,18,27].,[14].4,,,,,.,,(),...,.1422:(),,.,,.,,,.,,,.1BaathE.1989.Effectsofheavymetalsinsoilonmicrobialprocessesandpopulation(Areview).Water,Air,SoilPollut,47:3353792BulichA.1979.Useofluminescentbacteriafordeterminingtoxicityinaquaticenvironments.AmericanSocietyforTestingandMateri2als.981063ChanderK,BrookesPC.1991.Isthedehydrogenaseassayinvalidasamethodtoestimatemicrobialactivityincoppercontaminatedsoil.SoilBiolBio,23(10):9099154ChengJ2P(),ZhengM(),ZhangL2Y(),etal.2001.Applianceofmicroorganismstoreclaimgold.Gold(),22(3):3134(inChinese)5GongL2P(),ZhangJ2Y(),LuoY2X().2001.Thestatusinquoandprospectofapplyingmicroorganismstoenvironmentprotection.ChongqingEnvironSci(),23(2):7174(inChinese)6GouveiaMA,PrudencioMI,FigueiredoMO.1993.BehaviourofREEandothertraceandmajorelementsduringweatheringofgraniticrocks.EvoraPortugalChemGeol,107:2932967HirokiM.1992.Effectsofheavymetalcontaminationonsoilmicro2bialpopulation.SoilSciPlant,38:1411478HoubaC,RemacleJ.1980.Compositionofthesaprophyticbacterialcommunitiesinfreshwatersystemscontaminatedbyheavymetals.MicrobEcol,6:55699JiangX2J(),LuoY2M(),ZhaoQ2G().2000.Phytoestractionofheavymetalsinpollutedsoilsanditsap2plicationprospects.Agro2EnvironProt(),9(3):179183(inChinese)10KellyDP.1998.Evolutionoftheunderstandingofthemicrobiologyandbiochemistryofthemineralleachinghabitat.In:NorrisPR,KellyDPeds.Biohydrometallurgy.KewSurrey:ScienceandTech2nologePress.31411LedinM,PedersenK.1996.TheenvironmentalimpactofminewastesRolesofmicroorganismsandtheirsignificanceintreat2mentofminewastes.EarthSciRevi,41:6710812LengCC,PhyllisBT,FranklinRL.1981.Useofthemicro2toxicityassaysystemforenvironmentalsamples.BullContamToxicol,26:15015613LiD2L(),HeF(),MaC2Z(),etal.2000.Effectofarseniconbiologicalavailabilityofsoilsandtoxicitytovegetables.Agro2EnvironProt(),19(3):148151(inChinese)14LiH(),ZhangA2Y().1998.Thesignificanceofmi2croorganismstoenvironmentprotectioninmineengineering.MineRrunninginFemdMetalMine(),(4):4142(inChinese)15MarschnerH.1986.MineralNutritioninHigherPlants.London:AcademicPress.16MenchMJ,FarguesS.1994.Metaluptakebyironefficientandininefficentoats.PlantSoil,165:22723317MiddleburgJJ,VanderWeijdenCH,WoittezJRW.1988.Chemi2calprocessesaffectingthemobilityofmajor,minorandtraceele2mentsduringweatheringofgraniticrocks.ChemGeol,68:25327318PacovskyRS.1986.Micronutrientuptakeanddistributioninmyc2orrhizalofphosphorus2fertilizedsoybean.PlantSoil,95:37938819ScottF,etal.1999.ToxicityofnickeltoasoilDwellingspringtail,Folsomiafimetaria.Ecotoxico&EnvironSafety,43(1):576120SmithRW,MisraM,etal.1991.Mineralbioprocessingandthefu2ture.MineEng,(4):1127114121SmithRW,etal.1995.Microorganisminmineralprocessing.Pro2ceedingsofthe19thIMPC,12:879022TodorovTS,DimkovR,KotevaZH.1987.Effectofleadcontami2nationonthebiologicalpropertiesofalluvialmeadowsoil.PochovoznanieAgrokhi