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:20078,:2007123(No.20573111,40637036)33e2mail:hli@dicp.ac.cnLIBS31,31,21,2133(1.116023;2.100049;3.130022)(laser2inducedbreakdownspectroscopy,LIBS)10,LIBSAsCdCrHgPbZn,LIBS,LIBSLIBS:O657.38;X131.3:A:10052281X(2008)07P821165207ApplicationofLIBSTechnologytotheRapidMeasureofHeavyMetalContaminationinSoilsWangJianwei1,3ZhangNazhen1,2HouKeyong1,2LiHaiyang133(1.DalianInstituteofChemicalPhysics,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Dalian116023,China;2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China;3.ChangchunUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Opto2ElectronicEngineering,Changchun130022,China)AbstractLaser2inducedbreakdownspectroscopy(LIBS)hasemergedinthepasttenyearsasapromisingtechniqueforanalysisandmeasure.ThefundamentalprincipleofLIBSforinsituqualitativeandquantitativeanalysisisintroduced.Currentdevelopmentoftheinstrumentanditsapplicationsinrapiddetectionofheavymetalcontaminationelements,suchasAs,Cd,Cr,Hg,PbandZninsoilsarereviewedindetail.ThecriticalproblemssuchashowtoachievequantitativemeasurementandimprovethedetectionlimitofLIBSarediscussed.Keywordslaser2inducedbreakdownspectroscopy(LIBS);heavymetalcontamination;soils;rapidmeasure1,,,Hg115,Cu340,Pb500,Mn1500,Ni100,140,6418%,4617%,917%,814%[1],,:(ICP2AES)(ICP2MS)207P820088PROGRESSINCHEMISTRYVol.20No.7P8Aug.,2008(FLAA)(GFAA)(HGAA)(CVAA),,,,,,,,,,,:(1);(2),,,,;(3),,;(4),,(laser2inducedbreakdownspectroscopy,LIBS),LIBS,LIBS2LIBS211LIBS1LIBS[6]Fig.1GeneralarrangementofaLIBSsystem[6]LIBS1:Nd:YAG,(100GWPcm2),,(10000K);,;,[26]2,;[7]LIBS2[7]Fig.2Theplasmaradiationspectroscopyofsomeelements[7]212LIBS1962,10,Brech,LIBS40,1983,LIBS[810]LIBS,,,LIBS,20,LIBS,,,LIBS,,LIBS[1115]LIBS3661120LIBS,,(),,,[1620],,,LIBS,:,,;,,311,j,i,:Iijs=FCsgjAjiexp(-EjPkT)Us(T)(1),s;CsAjis;Us(T);Ejj;gj;k;T;F:lnIijsgjAji=-EjkT+lnCsFUs(T)(2)Ej,;(1),,,312,j,i,,:Iji()=F8hc3ijNjNigjgi0{1-exp[-k()l]}d(3),F;h;c;ji;Ni,Nj,gigjij;k();l,l,(),()Boltzmann2Sahak(),,:A2Dln20{1-exp[-k(x)l]}dx(4),D(3)(4),,(1)(2),,,,[21]4LIBSLIBS,LIBS,LIBS[2227],;;411LIBS,LIBS90LIBS,LIBS,mgPkg,mgPkg[28,29],LIBS[30](LosAlamosNationalLaboratory)1996[31]TRACER,1min,60196cm,76117P8LIBS,41111Alexander[32]1994LIBS,AsCdCrHgPbZnBarbini[33,34]LIBS,LIBS,343[33]Fig.3Sectionofahigh2resolutionspectrumcontainingironandcalciumlinessignificantforqualitativeandquantitativeanalysis[33]4LIBSICP[33]Fig.4CompositionofanAntarcticsedimentdeterminedbyLIBSandICPtechniques[33]Capitell[35]LIBSCrCuFeMnNiPbZn7,LIBS(RSD)ICP2AES,6%Sirven[36]2006LIBSHussain[37,38],5LIBS,CaKPMgFeSNiBaLIBS,LIBS,65KC21LIBS(200620nm)[37]Fig.5TypicalLIBSspectraofoilspillcontaminatedsoilsamplesKC21,recordedintheregion200620nm[37]6LIBS[38]Fig.6TypicalLIBSspectrumforthegreenhousesoilsample[38]4111220003,[39]:LIBS,LIBS,,,(AAS)(ICP2MS)(AFS)861120,,,LIBS90LIBS,LIBS:(1)();(2),412LIBSLIBS,Barbini[34]LIBSCaKMgFe12997mgPkg,10100ppmSirven[36]LIBSKaoliniteBourransoilPierrotonsoil100ppmTheriaultLieberman[22]LIBS1000ppm,77LIBS1000ppm[22]Fig.7TheobservedLIBSspectrumfor1000ppmPbinsand[22]GB1561821995[40]AsCdCrHgPbZnA:201190115140200mgPkg,LIBSmgPkg,mgPkg,LIBS,5LIBS90,LIBSProgressioniPlulseAdvancedPowerTechnologiesTracer2100OceanOpticsLIBS2000+OceanOptics,(LIBS2000+LIBS2ELITE,LIBS2ELITEOceanOpticsNewWaveTMResearch)AvantesAvaLIBSBlueSkyUltraCFR(50mJ)[45],,,1115m,6,LIBS,ICP2AES,LIBS,[41]LIBS,,,,,,,,LIBSLIBS[4248],(doublepulse,DP)LIBS,[4951],DP2LIBS()[52,53],,DP2LIBS,96117P8LIBSSt2Onge[53]Al(28116nm)100DP2LIBS,,DP2LIBSLIBS,,LIBS:(1)?(2)LIBS?LIBS,,,,,,,;LIBS,,LIBS;,7,LIBSLIBSLIBS,LIBS,[1](CuiDJ),(ZhangYL).(ChineseJourna1ofSoi1Science),2004,3:367370[2]MuellerM,GornushkinIB,FlorekS,etal.Anal.Chem.,2007,79:44194426[3]SongKS,LeeYI,SneddonJ.Appl.Spectro.Rev.,2002,37(1):89117[4]KamilS,PhilippR,GuillaumeM,etal.Appl.Phys.Lett.,2004,85(18):39773979[5]RadziemskiLJ,LoreeTR,CremersDA,etal.Anal.Chem.,1983,55:12461252[6]WhitehouseAI.SpectroscopyEurope,2006,18:1420[7]HarmonRS,deLuciaFC,MiziolekAW,etal.Geochemistry:Exploration,Environment,Analysis,2005,5:2128[8]RusakDA,CastlEBC,SmithBW,etal.TrendsinAnalyticalChemistry,1998,17:453461[9]CremersDA,RadziemskiLJ.LaserSpectroscopyandItsApplication.NewYork:Dekker,1987.351415[10]DikmelikY,McEnnisC,SpicerJB.Opt.Express,2008,16:53325337[11]Maravelaki2KalaitzakiP,AnglosD,KilikoglouV,etal.Spectrochim.ActaPartB,2001,56:887903[12]MelessanakiK,MateoM,FerrenceSC,etal.Appl.Surf.Sci.,2002,197P198:156163[13]ColaoF,FantoniR,LazicV,Spectrochim.ActaPartB,2002,57:12191234[14]MllerK,StegeH.Archaeometry,2003,45:421433[15]CorsiM,CristoforettiG,GiuffridaM,etal.Microchim.Acta,2005,152:105111[16]GornushkinIB,AnzanoJM,KingLA,etal.SpectrochimicaActa,1999,B54:491503[17]CiucciA,CorsiM,PalleschiV,etal.Appl.Spectrosc.,1999,53:960964[18]LazicV,BarbiniR,ColaoF,etal.SpectrochimicaActa,2001,B56:807820[19]BulajicD,CorsiM,CristoforettiG,etal.Spectrochim.Acta,2002,B57:339353[20]BorgiaI,BurgioLMF,CorsiM,etal.J.Cult.Heritage,2000,1:281286[21](YuLY),(LuJD),(ZhangJ).(LaserTechnology),2004,28:103106[22]TheriaultGA,LiebermanSH.Proc.SPIEInt.Soc.Opt.Eng.,1995,2504:75[23]SaggeseS,GreenwellR.Proc.SPIEInt.Soc.Opt.Eng.,1996,