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Orbal/G.T.Daigger(CH2MHILL,USA) H.X.Littleton(门晓欣)(TheAlaimoGroup,USA) 对6个采用分段、闭环沟道的Orbal氧化沟工艺运行数据进行了分析评定,以确定在该工艺中同时发生生物脱氮除磷的程度。较低的总氮出水浓度表明,同时硝化/反硝化在Orbal工艺中很易发生。由于泥龄较长并保持外沟道低溶解氧,有利于硝化菌的生长并提高脱氮效率;由于每个沟道处于相对均匀混合的状态,因此沟道内没有明显的好氧或缺氧段之分,表明产生反硝化的必要的缺氧环境可能发生在菌胶团内部。采用国际水协(IAWQ)活性污泥1号模型(ASMⅠ)对出水总磷数据分析及观测到的相对于BOD负荷的磷的去除表明,生物除磷可能发生。本研究的基本假设认为,同时生物除营养化产生于三个基本原理:①生物反应池的混合形态可以形成生物除营养所必需的缺氧及/或厌氧段,即大环境;②在菌胶团内部形成的缺氧及/或厌氧段,即微环境;③系统中存在新的、专用微生物。上述机理在任何生物除营养化系统中都会有不同程度的发生。本研究的目的是鉴别影响这三个机理在同时生物除营养化系统中所起相对作用的因素。 生物处理 生物除磷 硝化/反硝化 同时生物去除营养 氧化沟 ,,。Grady、DaiggerLim[1]。20,。,,,[2],/。,[3、4]()。1,(/)SBNR(BNR)。,SBNR,。,SBNR,。1 SBNR ①/②/③④,①,② SBNR,SBNR:① ,,/。,。② /,。③ ·1· 1999Vol.15 CHINAWATER&WASTEWATER No.3,、。,。[1、5],,,。BNR,、、。,,BNR/。,SBNR、/[6～8]。,,SBNR,。,,SBNR,(A-MANMOX)()[9]。,[10]。SBNRSBNR,,。SBNRSBNR,SBNR。、SBNR,SBNR,Orbal。Orbal3。,[6]。,。3,,/(),OrbalSBNR。,SBNR。① 、;② (、)SBNR;③ 。1 方法及材料1.1 Orbal1Orbal。1(),2、3()。。1。,。,,(、),,。150%～55%,2、330%～35%、15%～20%。1 Orbal Orbal。50%～70%,、。,,,。,·2·1999Vol.15 No.3()。31,231。,90%[6～8]。Orbal,23,,。,,,SBNR。1.2 2。,,。6600～45400m3/d(12Orbal),11～22.6h。、,。3Orbal。2 (m3/d)()HRT(h)()ElmwoodWWTP①Evesham,NJ,USA11400222.6356HartfordWWTPMountLaurel,NJ,USA22700114.5270HammontonWWTP①Hammonton,NJ,USA9500119.0308ChalfontWWTPNewBritain,PA,USA15100114.0336,SweetwaterCreekWWTP①GwinnettCounty,GA,USA45400411.0980LakeGenevaWWTPLakeGeneva,WI,USA6600115.3132, ① 1.3 (IAWQ)1(ASMⅠ)Orbal。(SSSP),pro2D。ASMⅠ/,。2 结果与讨论2.1 36。36%～89%,47%～115%。SweetwaterCreek,,20d,2200～4000mg/L。4。,BOD5,5mg/L。,3 (m3/d)(%)[kg/(m3·d)](%)(d)MLSS(mg/L)ElmwoodWWTP7100630.1555333175HartfordWWTP15000660.1647303500HammontonWWTP3400360.1851202200ChalfontWWTP11400750.2091244000SweetwaterCreekWWTP40500890.46857～103411LakeGenevaWWTP5700870.2811522400019981—919947—1995619941—12·3·1999Vol.15 No.3。,1mg/L,,5mg/L。ElmwoodHam-monton85%～90%。LakeGeneva4mg/L。Orbal。4 mg/L BOD5TSSTPTKNNH3-NNO3-NElmwoodWWTP①②2212.31841.15.40.5332.52.025.01.11.13HartfordWWTP2103.62924.8—————0.12—HammontonWWTP①3532.13904.2—1.7037.02.1—0.242.93ChalfontWWTP1603.215243.20.90——15.81.035.50SweetwaterCreekWWTP①2371.83591.56.00.22——13.00.144.50LakeGenevaWWTP①2034.21966.2———1.3——2.62 ① ② 4,1mg/L。Elmwood0.22mgP/mgBOD,Hammonton0.24mgP/mgBOD。(),。,。。2.2 Elmwood,5。,DO4DO,DO。DO,,Ap-plegateHuntsville。Orbal。5 ElmwoodDO (1996-02-23) Orbal1①Orbal2123230.20.20.250.250.70.20.20.250.40.7 ① 3.2mg/L Elmwood,6。TN,,。(IAWQ)ASMⅠElmwood。,16,23。1,23。(KLa),。158×104m3/d,。7。3122800m3/d。34,20℃。MLSS3117mg/L,(3)。7。3,≥2mg/L。1,23,20℃,Elmwood(33d)。,75%1,20%2,3,2250kg/d。,1,·4·1999Vol.15 No.36 Elmwoodmg/LTN①TPNH3-NNO3-NNO2-NDO19960223Orbal11——7.00.020.020.352——6.50.020.30.18Orbal21——7.60.020.250.152——6.80.020.020.101996041712.00.918.8———Orbal113.10.552.20.40.02—21.10.341.31.30.10—Orbal213.61.032.70.80.02—21.00.541.60.90.02— ① 7 ElmwoodIAWQASMⅠ(m3)(mg/L)①DONH3-NNO3-NDONH3-NNO3-NDONH3-NNO3-N1② 1③5375 8952.90.519.70.61.42.10.61.04.0 2 8962.30.419.70.31.32.00.41.03.9 3 8961.90.419.70.11.32.00.20.93.8 4③ 8962.90.319.70.61.22.00.70.93.8 5 8962.50.319.80.31.22.00.40.83.8 6 8962.10.219.80.21.21.90.20.83.82③35602.40.119.52.20.11.81.60.13.63③18152.70.119.62.80.11.82.30.13.4 ① 3122500m3/d② 58×104m3/d(0.3m/s)③ /,。50%,235%,3,,1710kg/d,24%。DO(7)(5、6)。,。31。,311。,。,Orbal。,7。/,,。IAWQASMⅠ:①;②。SBNROrbal。,。2.3 ,。(ElmwoodSweetwaterCreek)BOD5/TP40mgBOD/mgTP,。8。,,Orbal。·5·1999Vol.15 No.38 (Orbal)Q(m3/d)TP(mg/L)TP(mg/L)Hartland,MI22710.73.26Hammonton,NJ3400—1.70ElmwoodWWTP71005.40.53McMinnville,Or151004.50.17 6Elmwood,12,[1],。Elmwood,VSS2.5%(P/VSS),,。Cinar、,IAWQASMⅠ[3]。,。/,Orbal、。,。3 结论6、。,:① 、TN。285%～90%,33～5mg/L,、。,DO。,。② Orbal,。,。③ ,,。④ IAWQASMⅠ。ASMⅠ,,。⑤ ASMⅠ。,。⑥ ,,。,。⑦ ,。,。DO。⑧ SBNROrbal,SBNR。1 GrodyCPL,DaiggerJrGT,LimHC.BiologicalWastewaterTreatment.2nded.NewYork:MarcelDekker2 VanMunchEP,LandP,KellerJ.Simultaneousnitrifica-tionanddenitrificationinbench-scalesequencingbatchre-actors.WaterScienceandTechnology,1996;20(2):277～2843 CinarO,DaiggerGT,GraefSP.EvaluationofIAWQacti-vatedsludgemodelNo.2usingsteady-statedatafromfourfull-scalewastewatertreatmentplants.WaterEnvironmentResearch,1998;70:1216～12244 BrewerH,StephensonJP,GreenD.Plantoptimizationus-ingonlinephosphorusanalyzersandautomatedSRTcontroltoachieveharbourdelisting.In:ProceedingsoftheWaterEnvironmentFederation68thAnnualConference&Exposi-tion.19955 RandallCW,BarnardJL,StenselHD.DesignandRetrofitofWastewaterTreatmentPlantsforBiologicalNutrientRe-moval.Lancaster,PA:TechnomicsPublishing,19926 SmithG.Increasingoxygendeliveryinanoxictankstoim-provedenitrification.In:ProceedingsoftheWaterEnviron-mentFederation69thAnnualConference&Exposition.1996·6·1999Vol.15 No.37 AlbertsonOE,CoughenourJ.Aeratedanoxicoxidation-denitrificationprocess.JournalofEnvironmentalEngineer-ing,1995;121:720～7268 AlbertsonOE,StenselHD.AeratedanoxicbiologicalNdeNprocess.WaterScienceandTechnology,1994;29(7):167～1769 VanLoosdrechtMCM,JettenMSM.M