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©2009TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReservedIntroductionTextbookPrinciplesofAccounting(NineteenthEdition),byJohnJ.Wild,KenW.Shaw,BarbaraChiappetta,崔学刚，饶菁改编，中国人民大学出版社，2009年7月出版McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide2Contents1AccountinginBusiness2AnalyzingandRecordingTransactions3AdjustingAccountsandPreparingFinancialStatements4CompletingtheAccountingCycle5AccountingforMerchandisingOperations6AccountingInformationSystems7InventoriesandCostofSales8CashandInternalControls9AccountingforReceivables10PlantAssets,NaturalResourcesandIntangibles11CurrentLiabilitiesandPayrollAccounting12Long-TermLiabilities13InvestmentsandInternationalOperations14AccountingforCorporations©2009TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReservedACCOUNTINGINBUSINESSChapter1©2009TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReservedKeyTerms-Chapter1AccountingAccountingequationAssetsAuditorsBalancesheetBookkeepingBusinessentityassumptionCommonstockCorporationCostprincipleEquityEthicsEventsExpandedaccountingequationExpensesExternaltransactionsExternalusersFinancialaccountingFinancialAccountingStandardsBoard(FASB)FulldisclosureprincipleGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP)Going-concernassumption©2009TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReservedKeyTerms-Chapter1IncomestatementInternaltransactionsInternalusersInternationalAccountingStandardsBoard(IASB)LiabilitiesManagerialaccountingMatchingprincipleMonetaryunitassumptionNetincomeNetlossOwner，CapitalOwnerinvestmentOwnerwithdrawalsPartnershipProprietorshipRecordkeepingRevenuerecognitionprincipleRevenuesSarbanes-OxleyActSecurtiesandExchangeCommission（SEC）ShareholdersSharesSoleproprietorshipStatementofcashflowsStatementofowner’sequityStockStockholdersTimeperiodassumptionWithdrawals©2009TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReservedALookatThisChapterInthischapterwediscribeaccounting,theusersandusesofaccountinginformation,theformsandactivitiesoforganizations,andseveralaccountingprinciples.Wealsointroducetransactionanalysisandfinancialstatements.©2009TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReservedLearningObjectives-ConceptualC1:ExplainthepurposeandimportanceofaccountingintheinformationageC2:IdentifyusersandusesofaccountingC3:IdentifyopportunitiesinaccountingandrelatedfieldsC4:ExplainwhyethicsarecrucialinaccountingC5:ExplainGAAP,anddefineandapplyseveralkeyaccountingprinciples©2009TheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.,AllRightsReservedLearningObjectives-AnalyticalA1:DefineandinterprettheaccountingequationandeachofitscomponentsA2:AnalyzebusinesstransactionsusingtheaccountingequationLearningObjectives-ProceduralP1:IdentifyandpreparebasicfinancialstatementsandexplainhowtheyinterrelateMcGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide9McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide9IdentifyingSelecttransactionsandeventsRecordingInput,measureandclassifyCommunicatingPrepare,analyzeandinterpretIMPORTANCEOFACCOUNTINGAccountingC1Accountingisaninformationandmeasurementsystemthatidentifies,records,andcommunicatesrelevant,reliable,andcomparableinfor-mationaboutanorganization’sbusinessactivities.McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide10McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide10Wemustguradagainstanarrowviewofaccounting.Themostcommoncontactwithaccountingisthroughcreditapproval,checkingaccounts,taxformsandpayroll.Theseexperiencesarelimitedandtendtofoucusontherecordkeepingpartsofaccounting.Recordkeeping,orbookkeeping,istherecordingoftransactionsandevents,eithermanuallyorelectronically.Thisisjustonepartofaccounting.Accountingalsoidentifiesandcommunicatesinformationontransactionsandevents,anditincludesthecrucialprocessesofanalysisandinterpretation.McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide11McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide11USERSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONExternalUsers•Lenders•Shareholders•Governments•ConsumerGroups•ExternalAuditors•CustomersInternalUsers•Managers•Officers•InternalAuditors•SalesStaff•BudgetOfficers•ControllersC2Notdirectlyinvolvedinrunningtheorganization.directlyinvolvedinmanagingandoperatinganorganization.McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide12McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide12USERSOFACCOUNTINGINFORMATIONExternalUsersFinancialaccountingprovidesexternaluserswithfinancialstatements.InternalUsersManagerialaccountingprovidesinformationneedsforinternaldecisionmakers.C2McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide13McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide13OPPORTUNITIESINACCOUNTINGFinancial•Preparation•Analysis•Auditing•Regulatory•Consulting•Planning•CriminalinvestigationManagerial•Generalaccounting•Costaccounting•Budgeting•Internalauditing•Consulting•Controller•Treasurer•StrategyTaxation•Preparation•Planning•Regulatory•Investigations•Consulting•Enforcement•Legalservices•EstateplansAccounting-related•Lenders•Consultants•Analysts•Traders•Directors•Underwriters•Planners•Appraisers•FBIinvestigators•Marketresearchers•Systemsdesigners•Mergerservices•Businessvaluation•Humanservices•Litigationsupport•EntrepreneursC3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide14McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide14ACCOUNTINGJOBSBYAREAGovernment,not-for-profit,&education15%Publicaccounting25%Privateaccounting60%C3McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide15McGraw-Hill/IrwinSlide15BeliefsthatdistinguishrightfromwrongAcceptedstandardsofgoodandbadbehaviorEthicsETHICS-AKEY