学校代码:10255学号:2130161东华大学硕士学位论文PTFE/PP复合滤料针刺工艺及PTFE乳液后整理研究StudyontheNeedlingProcessandPTFEEmulsionFinishingofPTFE/PPCompositeFilter学科专业:非织造材料与工程作者姓名:陈兰兰指导教师:殷保璞副教授答辩日期:2016年1月东华大学陈兰兰硕士学位论文答辩委员会成员名单姓名职称职务工作单位备注靳向煜教授答辩委员会主席东华大学吴海波高级工程师答辩委员会委员东华大学王荣武教授答辩委员会委员东华大学张瑜教授答辩委员会委员南通大学黄晨讲师答辩委员会委员东华大学王洪副教授答辩委员会秘书东华大学东华大学硕士学位论文摘要/ABSTRACTIPTFE/PP复合滤料针刺工艺及PTFE乳液后整理研究摘要滤料研究开发的重点主要围绕在提高效率,降低阻力等。本文以此为目的,研究的内容主要分为三个方面:(1)对市场上现有新型非织造滤材进行研究,发现国外一款扁平膜裂纤维针刺滤料过滤效率高阻力低,明显优于圆形截面的纤维针刺滤料,因而对该材料进行深入的实验和对比分析。(2)以开发扁平膜裂纤维在滤材上的应用为出发点,选用PTFE膜裂纤维作为主要的过滤介质,同时为解决PTFE加工困难的问题,将PTFE和PP纤维进行混合梳理,再进行针刺加固。主要研究PTFE和PP混纺比以及针刺工艺对滤料性能的影响。(3)单纯的针刺滤料还是存在着孔径大,孔隙多等不足,本文对复合针刺滤料和纯PP针刺滤料进行PTFE乳液浸渍后整理加工,在滤料的表面实现―微孔化‖,进一步改善针刺滤料的过滤性能。本课题重点研究分析PTFE乳液浓度,浸渍时间,烘焙温度,烘焙时间等因素对过滤效率的影响,正交实验优选浸渍工艺,并将两种滤料进行对比,为PTFE乳液浸渍工艺的研究提供试验依据。上述研究结果表明:(1)扁平纤维在刺针作用下,进一步原纤化,其中滤料中较粗的纤维作为骨架,保证了纤网的厚度,而原纤化了的纤维比表面大,东华大学硕士学位论文摘要/ABSTRACTII更易捕捉细小颗粒,因而大大提高了滤料的过滤性能,所以较圆形纤维在滤料上具有更好的优势。(2)疏水性的PP纤维不能改善PTFE纤维可梳理性,需要选用亲水性的PP纤维;在纤维细度上,综合过滤效率和梳理难易程度,3.3dtex比2.2dtex和4.4dtex的PP纤维更适合作为和PTFE混纺的原料。(3)随着PP纤维的混入比例增加,PTFE/PP混纺纤网的梳理效果越好,但是过滤性能有所下降。综合过滤效率和梳理难易程度,PTFE:PP=70:30,效果最佳。(4)复合滤料针刺加固工艺中,厚度随着针刺深度的增加而减小,随针刺道数的增加而减小,随针刺密度的增加而减小,但是都有一个临界值,超出临界值,纤网中纤维因过度的针刺作用而被破坏,此规律不再成立。因此,以过滤效率作为评价标准,滤料的针刺工艺参数若超过了其临界值,则过滤效率会相应减小。(5)PTFE乳液浸渍前后对比分析:浸渍后,滤料克重增加,平均孔径减小,孔径的分布区域集中,滤料更加均匀,过滤效率明显提高。(6)两种滤料PTFE乳液后整理对比分析:影响PTFE/PP复合滤料过滤性能的因素主次顺序为:烘焙时间>烘焙温度>浸渍时间>乳液浓度;影响纯PP滤料过滤性能的因素主次顺序为:烘焙时间乳液浓度浸渍时间烘焙温度;两者正交试验的最佳工艺参数也有所不同,由于PTFE纤维的原因,PTFE/PP复合滤料后整理工艺所需PTFE乳液较少,烘焙温度较高。乳液浸渍后,PTFE/PP复合针刺滤东华大学硕士学位论文摘要/ABSTRACTIII料过滤效率提高率是纯PP滤料提高率的两倍,前者具有明显的优势。关键词:高效低阻过滤材料;PP纤维;PTFE膜裂纤维;针刺工艺;PTFE乳液浸渍后整理东华大学硕士学位论文摘要/ABSTRACTIVSTUDYONTHENEEDLINGPROCESSANDPTFEEMULSIONFINISHINGOFPTFE/PPCOMPOSITEFILTERABSTRACTAscurrentresearchanddevelopmentoffiltermaterialsarebasedonimprovingefficiencyandreducingresistance,thecontentofthethesisismainlydividedintothefollowingthreeaspects:(1)Studytheexistingnonwovenfiltermaterialsonthemarket,furtherexperimentsandcomparativeanalyseswereconductedbasedonanimportedneedledfiltermadeofflatfibers,whichhashighefficiencyandlowresistanceandissignificantlybetterthantheneedledfilterofcircular-crosssectionfibers.(2)AnewfilterusingflatfiberwasdevelopedbyusingPTFEcrackfibers.TosolveprocessingdifficultiesofPTFEfibers,PPfiberswereblendedwithPTFEfibersbeforecardingandneedlingreinforcement.Thefollowingtwoaspectsweresystematicallystudied:theinfluenceofPTFEandPPblendedratioandneedlepunchingparametersontheperformanceoffiltermaterial.(3)Usingthroughneedlepunchingalone,thereisstilllargeporeinfiltermaterial.Therefore,thethesismainlystudiedpurePPneedle-punchedfilterandPTFE/PPcompositefilter,thetwoneedle-punchedfiltermaterialswerefinishedbyPTFEemulsionimpregnationformingamicro-poroussurfaceonthefilter.Theeffectsoffourdifferentparametersonfilteringefficiency,includingemulsionconcentration,impregnationtime,curingtemperatureandtimewerestudied.Anorthogonalexperimentwasdesignedtooptimizetheprocessingparameters.ThetwotypesoffiltermaterialswerealsocomparedtoprovidetheexperimentalreferencefortheresearchofPTFEemulsionimpregnationprocess.Resultsfromtheaboveresearchsuggestedthat:东华大学硕士学位论文摘要/ABSTRACTV(1)Theflatfiberwasexperiencedfurtherfibrillationduringneedlepunching.Thecoarserfiberswerefoundtoactastheskeletontoensurethefabricthickness,whilethesurfaceoffibrillationfiberwasincreased,whichwasconducivetocapturetinyparticles.Theresistanceoffiltermaterialshowedaslightincreased,whereasthefiltrationperformancewasincreasedgreatly.(2)HydrophobicPPfibercouldnotsolvePTFEfibercardingproblems,buthydrophilicPPfibersweresuitabletobeusedastherawmaterialofblendedfiltermaterial;Undersimilarfineness,3.3dtexPPfiberwasbetterthan2.2dtexand4.4dtexPPfibersregardingcomprehensivefactorssuchasfiltrationefficiencyandcardingcomplexity;(3)WiththeincreasingofPPfibers,cardingprocessbecameeasier,butthefilteringperformancedeclined.WhenthePTFEtoPTFEratiowassetas70:30,optimalprocessabilityandfiltrationperformancewereachieved;(4)IntheneedlingprocessofPTFE/PPcompositefiltermaterial,thethicknessdecreasedwiththeincreaseofneedledepth,numberofneedlepunchingandneedledensity.Howeveracriticalvaluewasobserved.Beyondthecriticalvalue,fiberswouldbedamagedbytheexcessiveneedlingforce.Therefore,thefiltrationefficiencywouldbereducedwhentheneedle-punchedprocessparameterswerebeyondthecriticalvalue.(5)ComparativeAnalysisbeforeandafterPTFEemulsionimpregnationwasperformed.Afterimpregnation,theaverageporediameterdecreased,andtheaperturedistributionareabecameconcentrated,thefiltermaterialwasmoreevenandfiltrationefficiencyhasimprovedsignificantly.(6)ComparativeAnalysisthetwokindsoffiltermaterialwithPTFEemulsionfinishingshowedthatforPTFE/PPcompoundneedledfiltermaterialwithPTFEemulsionimpregnation,primaryandsecondaryorderoftheinfluencefactorswereasfollows:curingtimecuringtemperatureimpregnationtimeemulsionconcentration;ForpurePPneedledfiltermaterialwithPTFEemulsionimpregnation,primaryandsecondaryorderoftheinfluencefactorswereasfollows:curingtimeemulsionconcentrationimpregnationtimecuringtemperature;Theoptimalparametersof