RExCO3y沉淀废水处理的资源化研究王东杰

425Vol．42No．5CHINESEJOUＲNALOFＲAＲEMETALS20185May20182018－03－042018－03－19U16601091982－、[e-mail][e-mail]3y12112221．1000832．014030ＲExCO3yＲExCO3y。HClNH3NH3NH3CO2NH4HCO3。N2NH3·H2ONH3·H2ONH4HCO3。CO2。ＲExCO3yＲExCO3yＲExCO3y。ＲExCO3ydoi10．13373/j．cnki．cjrm．XY18030003X751A0258－7076201805－0537－09ＲecyclingofＲExCO3yPrecipitationWastewaterTreatmentWangDongjie12YiHonghong1TangXiaolong1GuoWenliang2HouShaochun2WangSumei21．SchoolofEnergyandEnvironmentalEngineeringUniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijingBeijing100083China2．StateKeyLaboratoryofＲareEarthＲesourcesＲesearchandComprehensiveUtilizationBaotouＲareEarthＲesearchInstituteBaotou014030ChinaAbstractInordertodevelopacleanproductionprocessforrareearthsmeltingandsedimentationwastewatertreatmentＲExCO3yprecipitatedwastewatergeneratedfromtheextractionandseparationofmixedorsinglerareearthelementswasstudiedintheprocessofrareearthelementseparationwithammoniasaponificationastheprerequisitestudy．AftertreatingtheＲExCO3yprecipitationwastewaterwithelectrolysismethodtheelectrolysisproductswerestudiedforresourceconversion．ThemainproductsofwastewaterelectrolysistreatmentwereHClandNH3andNH3wouldquicklydissolvedintheelectrolyticsolution．TheNH3wasfirstseparatedfromtheelectrolyticsolutionandthenformattedNH4HCO3withCO2．Purewaterformedaftertheelectrolysisofwaterwaspurifiedandappliedtosmeltingproductiontherecyclableresourcestechnologycouldbeconvertedtoacycle．ThepaperanalyzedtheprincipleofrecyclingresearchN2strippingNH3·H2ONH3·H2OseparationandNH4HCO3formationandthedesignofrecyclingexperimentalmethodsandthebestexperimentalconditionswasdeterminedaswellastheproducteffectofresourceapplicationwasverified．ThereclamationprocessonlyintroducedCO2gasanddidnotgenerateotherpollutants．TheＲExCO3yproductproducedbytheprocessaccordingtothisarticlehadnodifferencefromtheＲExCO3yproductnormallyproduced．Theresourceresearchprocessmetthere-quirementsofcleanerproductionandwedesiredtoprovideevidencefortheactualproductionofＲExCO3ysmelting．KeywordsＲExCO3yprecipitationwastewatercleanerproductiontechnologyresourceresearchＲExCO3yＲExCO3y1－3。“”53842ＲExCO3y4－6。ＲExCO3yNH4Cl7－10。H2SO411－13。H2SO4、、、、、ＲEO。NH4Cl。、、14MVＲ。、15－1718－20921－22。ＲExCO3y、NH4ClNH3·H2ON2NH3·H2ONH3NH3NH3·H2ONH3·H2OCO2NH4HCO3。、ＲExCO3y23－29。ＲExCO3yNH4Cl、、。11．1NH3·H2ONH3100A36V380VN2＞99%CO2＞99%FESEMZEISSSIGMA500ThermoiCAP6300、XXＲDX'PertPowder。ＲExCO3y。1．2NH4Cl。333N2NH3、。ＲExCO3y。1。NH3。。NH3。NH3·H2O2。、NH3、NH3·H2ONH4HCO3。1．3ＲExCO3yNH4Cl1Fig．1Detaileddiagramofelectrolyticcellstructure5ＲExCO3y5392NH3·H2OFig．2StructurediagramofNH3·H2OabsorptiondeviceCl－Cl2Cl2COD。NH4ClCl－Cl2Cl2HClOHClONH+42Cl－→Cl2g+2e－1Cl2+2H2O→HClO+Cl－+H+2Cl－HClOHCl。N2、CO2NH4HCO32NH3+CO2→NH2COONH43NH2COONH4+2H2O→NH4HCO3+NH3·H2O4NH3·H2O+CO2→NH4HCO35NH4HCO3CO2。N2NH3·H2ONH3、NH3·H2O30－31。22．1NH3N2NH3NH3·H2O8．2%NH+4pHNH3·H2O、、、。pHNH+4pH891011121314。pH3。pHＲExCO3ypH8～11NH4ClNH3pH11～14NH4ClNH3。3pHNH3pH、。pH10～11。NH3·H2ONH3·H2O25%50%75%NH4Cl-NH3·H2O。NH3·H2O。NH3·H2O4。41．5～2．0hNH4Cl-NH3·H2ONH3·H2O。NH4ClNH+4NH3NH3NH3·H2O3pHFig．3EffectofpHonammoniaremovalrateremovalrate540424Fig．4EffectofammoniaconcentrationonammoniaremovalrateNH3·H2ONH+4。1．5～2．0hpHNH3NH3。NH3·H2ONH3·H2O。NH3·H2ONH4Cl。。。32NH3。NH3。NH4HCO3NH3·H2OCO2NH3·H2OCO2NH4HCO3NH4HCO3NH3·H2O。NH3·H2OCO2NH4HCO3。NH3·H2O6%8%10%15%20%1hNH4HCO3NH3·H2O6%8%10%15%20%NH4HCO35。CO2NH3·H2O6%NH4HCO3NH4HCO3。NH3·H2O6%～20%NH4HCO392%～94%。NH3·H2O6%NH3·H2O4%NH4HCO3NH4HCO3NH3·H2ONH4HCO3。NH3·H2O20%CO2NH4HCO3NH3·H2ONH4HCO3。NH4HCO3CO2NH3。NH3·H2ONH42CO3NH4HCO3NH3·H2OCH6N2O2。0．5CH6N2O20．5CH6N2O2NH2COONH4NH4HCO3。XNH4HCO3NH3·H2OCO2NH4HCO3。5NH3·H2OFig．5EffectofNH3·H2Oconcentrationoncrystallizationtime5ＲExCO3y5412．2。。。HClHClOHClO2ＲExCO3y。N2NH3·H2O。。ＲExCO3y。Ca2+Mg2+。＜20μs·cm－1。、。ＲExCO3y6。。ＲECl3ＲExCO3yＲExCO3yＲExCO3ySEMSEM7。7abＲExCO3y6Fig．6Processflowchartofelectrolysisandreuse7ＲExCO3ySEMFig．7SEMimagesofmixedＲExCO3yproducedafterprecipitateseparation542421Table1ＲunmaintenancecostestimationＲelativeitemsNameConsumptionAnnualconsumptionＲMB/YuanUnitpriceＲMB/Yuan·t－1Cost/tPercentageoftotalcost/%Powercost/kW·h2050177120000．514．7655Ｒeagentsandmaterials/kg·h－10．264800002000．291．1Laborcharges/person/month20．048000020000．401．5Membranematerial/kg·h－10．5864000020007．2027Electrodematerial/kg·h－12．051840003004．3216Others/50000/0．040．1Total26．97100ＲExCO3y20007cdＲExCO3yＲExCO3y20000。SEMＲExCO3y。ＲExCO3yＲExCO3y。2．3、、、、。。8tＲEO1tＲEO15t120t1。、。3、、、33－35。。ＲExCO3yＲExCO3y。1．NH+4pH、、、pH9～1150%NH3·H2O、、。2．NH4HCO3CO2NH3·H2O6%NH4HCO3NH4HCO3。NH3·H2ONH4HCO3。3．ＲExCO3y。ＲExCO3yNH4Cl3g·L－1。ＲExCO3y。5ＲExCO3y5431LiZMLiuYLLiPZhangLZangAWLinDL．AnalysisofglobalrareearthsupplytrendJ．ChineseＲareEarths2016376146．．J．2016376146．2MaGXWangXJYuFWuQPengF．Evalua-tionofenvironmentalcostsofrareearthexploitationandanalysisoftheirspatialdifferencecharacteristicsinChinaJ．ＲesearchofEnvironmentalSciences2017306817．．J．2017306817．3LiuＲJZhaoZHSangXYXuHGaoY．Dicus-sionofsaponificationprocessinrareearthextractionsep-arationandutilizationofwastewaterJ．ChineseＲareEarths2015364132．．J．2015364132．4XiongX．Productionstatusanddirection