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1996422UASB(350002)(UASB):,,UASBUASB,,,,(Upflowanaerobicsludgebed,UASB),UASB,UASB,,[13][45],(ECP)[6],[7][8]Macleol[9],,[2],,UASB,,,,(),13(1):7682,1997ChineseJournalofBiotechnology,111111111:11112:UASB,28mm,1000mm,,,100mm,200mm3011113(g/L):110;011;K2HPO4011;NH4HCO3013;Na2CO3018;210,11211211COD:[12]11212VSS(Volatilesuspendedsolid):[12]11213SVI(Sludgevolomnindex):1g30min[12]11214:JEOLJSM-350F11215:TN-5500X2112,,3%4%UASB,30-40d,DubourguierH.C[4],[10],(3b),212(,pH515),4,24h3d,,,9108/ml,,,,()4,771:UASB,,115g/L015g/L,5d,,,6106/ml(310g/L,110g/L),14d,,pH(pH510-815)[11],(ECP),,,,[5],,,,213,1aUASB,,1b,,5mm,,,11()127d,50d,,,,1Fig.1Differentflowmodelinbioreactors(a)UASBreactor,(b)No2sirringreactorUASB,,,COD,,,,,,UASB,8713214UASB,(1)3,(2),512d,,(2a)4,78d65%,,15d,011110mm,010136d-1,VSS(2b)VSS,,(2c)30d,4,VSSVSI,2Fig.2Variablecurvesduringsludgegranulation(a)Heightofsludgebed(b)VSS(c)VSI.ExperimentNo.1,.ExperimentalNo.4.ExperimentNo.51UASBTable1OperationconditionsindifferentexperimentsandthegranulationprocessofactivesludgeExperimentNo.12345Sludgeload/g(COD(d.L)-14.308.606.4512.909.4618.912.925.832.264.4Linearflowrate/cmh-16.7712.4015.0020.8450.90Residenttime/h14.810.06.75.01.23Sludgegranuleformingtime/d2730253015201215121533Sludgegranulematuretime/d5045503545303530353:Definedastherunningdayswhenthegranulatedsludgewithdiameterof0.2mmorbiggerismoreabout25%30%ofthetotalvolumeofsludge.33:Defindeastherunningdayswhenthegranulatedsludgewithdiameterof0.53.0mmisabout70%80%oftheto2talvolumeofsludge.971:UASB2,1,,525d4,,,,,1,USAB,345,15d50dUSAB:34,,110mm70%;1,015110mm,110mm20%,1/3,,[2],;,,,(26g(COD)/dL-1),,USAB,20cm/h2153a,550m,,,,,,(3b),(3c),0151.0m,,[10],,15m(3d)2()Table2Chemicalcompositionofthesurfacelayerofsludge(atomproposition)SiPSKCaFeSludgebeforegranulation16.5945.3721.665.077.164.15Granule1079.409.1306.435.04Granule2067.5712.322.332.638.04TN5500(2),,Na:SiPSKCaFe,SiCaK,,Si,P,SCaFe216,08133Fig.3Electralmicroscopeobservationofthemicrosfructureontheouterandinnersurfaceoftheac2tivesludge(a)Sludgewiththeformofsubcore,(b)Outersurfaceofgranulatedsludge,(c)Outersurfaceofgranulatedsludge,(d)Innersurfaceofgranulatedsludge.,,UASBUASB4:,[8]UASB,,,,,,,,VSS,181:UASB,VSS,,015310mm,,UASB,,,,,617cm/hUASB:,,[11][1]LettingaG,ZehnderAJ.MicrobiologyandTechnology,Netherlands:PudocWageningen,1987,18331[2],,1,1993,13(5):3343381[3],,1,1991,9(2):151[4]DubourgulerHC,PrensierG,AlbagnacG.Proceedingofthe5thInternotionalSymposiumonAnaerobicDigestion.19881[5],,1,1994,34(1):45541[6]DlofingJARW,GriffoenZelenhuizenLPTM.CanJMicrobiol,1985,31:7447501[7]BeeftinkHH,ThesisPh.D.Netherland:UniversityofAmsterdam,1987,3951.[8]kPKAlibhai,ForsterCF.EnzMicrobioltechnol,1986,3:6016061[9]Macleod,FAGuiotSR,CostertonJWetal.ApplEnuironMicrobiol,1990,59:129813071[10]1,19961[11],,1,1995,22(5):2892921[12],1,,:,19841EngineeringFactorsAffectingtheFormationofGranularSludgeinUASBReactorGuoYanghaoMengChunShiXianaiQiuHongchanWuLingChengJianfung(FuzhouUniversityDepartmentofBiotechnology,Fuzhou350002)AbstractTheinfluenceofdifferentinoculumsludgesinvolvingdifferentmicrobialpopulations,dif2ferentflowmodelsofstreaminabioreactoranddifferentflowratesontheformationofgranularsludgewerestudied.Inthegranulationprocesstherewerefourperiods:formationofmicrobialflocs,formationofsubcore,growthofsubcoreandmatureofgranules.Theproductionofmicroflocscouldbeattributedtoacid2formingbacteria.Thedynamictransfercausedbymovingphasesandthehy2draulicsheareffectarethemostimportantfactorsaffectingtheformationofsubcore.Anewconcept,lowestlimittedflowratewasproposed,thatisthelowestflowratetoformtheexpandedsludgebed.Asufficientfeedrate(higherthanthelowestflowrate),anappropriatesludgechargeandanequaldistributionoffeedaswellasasuitablealkalityinmediumarethemainfactorsforthescale2upandprocesscontrolofUASB1KeywordsUASBreactor,granulationofactivesludge,dynamictransferofliquid,lowestflowrate2813