氨氮废水处理技术胡孙林

　本栏目由中国化工防治污染技术协会协办胡孙林　钟　理(华南理工大学化工学院,广州510640):。,,。。:;;:X703.1　:AAmmonia-nitrogenouswastewatertreatmenttechnologyHUSun-lin,ZHONGLi(ChemicalEngineeringInstituteofSouthChinaUniversityofTechnology,Guangzhou510640,China)Abstract:Economicalandeffectivecontrolofpollutionbyammonia-nitrogeneouswastewaterisafacedvitalproblemcur-rently.Inthispaperdiscussesandsummariestreatmentofammonia-nitrogeneouswastewaterbybiologicalandphysico-chemicaltechnologyanditsapplicationinindustry.Anapproachtothedegradationmechanismofammonia-nitrogenenouwastewaterismade.Currentresearchadvancesathomeandabroadoverviewsalso.Anditispointedoutthatsuitabletechnologyshouldbeadoptedfortreatingdifferentkindsofwastewaterinaccordancewithitsproperty.Keywords:ammonia-nitrogen;wastewatertreatment;degradation　:2001-02-28　:(No.990642)。　:,,1976,,;,,1956,,,,、。　　,,。[1],,,,。,,,,,[2]。,,“”,。,。1　,。,、,,。、、、、、、,,,。2　2.1　,、,。2.1.1　生物硝化和反硝化机理。·47·216June2001　20016ModernChemicalIndustryDOI:10.16606/j.cnki.issn0253-4320.2001.06.012,。,,(、)[3]。,(、、)。2.1.2　生物脱氮工艺3。(1),1。BOD5(5),,,,,,。(2)、。,A/O,2。,A/O,,,,。,,,,100%。,,。A/O,,,A/O。,。(3)A/O,。,,。2.2　2.2.1　折点氯化法,,,。,,。。、pH。9～10mg。SO2,。,,,。,,,。,。2.2.2　化学沉淀法[H3PO4+MgOMg(OH)2],。MgNH4PO4,。2.2.3　离子交换法NH+4,。,,,,,。,:K+,NH+4,Ba2+,Na+,Ca2+,Fe3+,Al3+,Mg2+,Li+。,NH+4,。2.2.4　吹脱法,,·48·216。,,pH。,,。,、、、、。2.2.5　液膜法1986,。,[4]。:(NH3-N)(),,,,,NH+4,,,,。2.2.6　电渗析法,。,[5]。,,,,。2.2.7　催化湿式氧化法2080[6]。、,,CO2,N2H2O,。()、、。,60%,[7]。3　,。2060,[8]。,NH3-N90%[9]。R.Bjorn[10],7～18℃。(rotatingdiscreactor,RDR)、[11];C.Helmer[12]RDR60mg/LNH3-N,90%。S.Yutaka[13](elec-trochemical-bioreactor),,,,,,。VanderGraaf[14],,(anaerobicammoniumoxidation,Anammox)。。-,:,;,。-,(),A/O。,,,[15,16],,。(simultaneousnitrifica-tion-denitrification,SND)[17,18]。,。O.Lahav[19],,。。,;,。,,。D.Cliffird[20]IX-SBR,,,50%,90%。·49·20016:4　[21],,COD()80%,NH3-N95.5%;90%NH3-N,NH3-N97%。[22],。[23]、,,,91.8%85.1%。,[24]。:,,,。,。。[25],,。[26],,,96%。[27],,10-3,97%,。[28],,,,。[29],,99.6%,。,,。,。、-,:,;、;、。1　,,.[M].:,1982.18～292　DelicaSJ,ChaoAC,CharlesSmallwood,etal.RemovalofOrganicPri-orityPollutantsbyOxidation-coagulation[J].EnvironmentalEngineer-ing,1983,109(1):37～453　RandallCW,BaarnardJL,StenselHD.DesignandRetrofitofWastew-aterTreatmentPlantsforBiologicalNutrientRemoval[M].Pennsylvani-a:TechnomicPublishingCom,19924　,.[J].,1994(3):17～225　,,.[M].:,1995.97～1366　,,.[J].,1996,16(6):11～137　.[J].,1996(4):53～578　BoranZ,KazuoY.SeasonalChangeofMicrobialPopulationandActivi-tiesinaBuildingWastewaterReuseSystemUsingaMembraneSepara-tionActivatedSludgeProcess[J].WatSciTech,1996,34(5&6):295～3029　KazuhiroT,MasakazuN,NaomichiM,etal.ApplicationofImmobilizedNitrifiersGettoRemovalofHighAmmoniumNitrogen[J].WatSciTech,1994,29(9):24110　BjornR,LarsJH,HallvardO.NitrogenRemovalfromDiluteWastewaterinColdClimateUsingMoving-bedBiofilmReactors[J].WaterEnvironRes,1995,67(1):6511　LindemannJ,WiesmannU.Single-DiscInvestigationsonNitrogenRe-movalofHigherLoadsinSequencingBatchandContinuouslyOperatedRDRSystems[J].WatSciTech,2000,141(4&5):77～8412　HelmerC,KunstS.SimultaneousNitrification/DenitrificationinanAer-obicBiofilmSystem[J].WatSciTech,1998,37(4&5):183～18713　YutakaS,JosephRVF,MakramTS,etal.ModelingofElectrochemi-cally-ActivatedDenitrifyingBiofilms[J].WaterResearch,1994,28(5):1077～108614　VanderGraafAA,MulderA,BruijnP,etal.AnaerobicOxidationofAmmoniumisaBiologicallyMediatedProcess[J].AppliedandEnviron-mentalMicrobiology,1995,64(4):1246～125115　HongWeizhao,DonaldsM,WillianKO,etal.ControllingFactorsforSi-multaneousNitrificationandDenitrificationinaTwo-stageIntermittentAerationProcessTreatingDomesticSewage[J].WaterResearch,1999,33(4):961～97016　HyungSeokYoo,Kyu-HongAhn,Hyung-JibLee,etal.NitrogenRemovalfromSyntheticWastewaterbySimultaneousNitrificationandDenitrifica-tion(SND)viaNitriteinaIntermittently-AeratedReactor[J].WaterResearch,1999,33(1):145～154(下转第52页)·50·2162000。1999,,,DTY100D,1300/t,9%。,100%。,9,,“”。,1186.2%,。1。1　%123456789101190.389.299.792.5102.262.992.091.899.494.087.9　96.999.991.790.6102.3121.1100.9102.592.988.589.6　69.769.9138.0128.5102.284.884.293.792.086.486.290.292.0103.097.8100.799.895.9100.496.489.687.7。2000,,,。,,2000522,199921.1%,,50%。10%,。,,,。1.4　,2000,,,,,。,。、,,,,DTY100D,1800/t,11%。2000。,,,,,,。,,1.1t,,,,。。2000“”,、,,,,,。,“”,,,,,　　(上接第50页)17　HasselbladS,HallinS.IntermittentAdditionofExternalCarbontoEn-hanceDenitrificationinActivatedSludge[J].WatSciTech,1998,37(9):227～23318　WarehamDG,HallKJ,MavinicDS.Real-timeControlofWastewaterTreatmentSystemsUsingORP[J].WatSciTech,1993,28(11&12):273～28219　LahavO,GreenM.AmmoniumRemovalfromPrimaryadSecondaryEf-fluentsUsingaBioregeneratedIon-exchangeProcess[J].WatSciTech,2000,142(1&2):179～18520　CliffirdD,LiuXiaosha.IonExchangeforNitrateRemoval[J].JournalAWWA,1993,1(4):135～14321　,,.[J].,1999,20(1):110～11222　,,.[J].,2000,26(4):17～2023　,,.[J].,1999,20(5):69～7124　.[J].,1999(5):4525　,.[J].,1999,27(3):201～20226　,,.[J].,1999,19(4):19～2127　,.[J].,1996,16(3):40～4528　,,.[J].,2000,20(3):280～28329　,,.[J].,1997,23(3):160～163□·52·216